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In this paper, the author explores the rural school context and its teacher leaders as a third transformational leadership prototype adding to Leithwood and Jantzi’s (1999) two transformational leadership prototypes of females and new teachers in the elementary school. The author helps illuminate new understanding of rural schools and their highly interactive decision making styles where teacher leaders are a source of creativity development of unique forms of leadership. If researchers focus on teachers as leaders in rural schools, specifically those who operate outside of traditional leadership roles, there exists a promising area of new understanding for educational leadership as transformational teacher leadership.

The Volta Delta, Ghana: Challenges in an African Setting 81 produce a double maximum rainfall pattern (Gampson et al. 2017). The major rainy season falls between March and July, and the minor rainy season is between August and November. Mean annual rainfall varies between 146 and 750 mm between years and increases from south of the delta to its north. The dry season occurs from November to February Fig. 4.1 Map of the Volta Delta area depicting the 5 m contour boundary of the delta and the nine administrative districts partly or wholly within the delta

This comparative and correlational study examined personal and social-cognitive factors related to physical activity in middle-aged women with (n = 37) and without (n = 67) type 2 diabetes (T2D). Compared with those without the condition, women with T2D attained less accelerometer-measured moderate, t = -3.35(89.40), p = .001, and vigorous physical activity, t = -2.76(59.30), p = .008, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), t = -3.50(91.19), p = .001, and had lower physical activity self-efficacy, t = -2.6(101), p = .01, and perceived benefits of physical activity, t = -2.4(51.0), p = .02. For the total sample, greater MVPA was related to White race, not having diabetes, lower body mass index, fewer comorbidities, less depressive symptom severity, no smoking status, more positive attitudes, higher self-efficacy, and greater perceived benefits. Enhancing attitudes, self-efficacy, and benefits may increase MVPA in middle-aged women with T2D.