Ample evidence suggests that PK‐12 students experience racism and other forms of discrimination in school and that these experiences have a deleterious impact on their mental health. Several studies have shown a consistent and strong relationship between racism and negative mental health outcomes including increased depression and anxiety, decreased self‐worth and self‐esteem, as well as psychological maladjustment. School‐based mental health services can ensure that racial and ethnic minoritized (REM) students gain access to mental health services. Because schools are one place where REM students experience structural and individual discrimination, it is critical that school‐based mental health providers utilize strategies to promote school climates that are safe and affirming for these students. Using a multitiered system of support framework, we describe the tier 1 interventions to promote positive school racial climate and the elements of culturally responsive practices to be integrated into tier 2 and tier 3 interventions to improve mental health outcomes for REM youth.
Community-based organizations (CBOs), part of a class of small-scale nonprofits deriving their membership and much of their contributions from the local community, are often led by individuals with expertise in a particular field and passion for the service their organizations provide to program recipients. This leadership provides great strength for CBOs, but the lack of management and other skills can often hinder efforts to design and implement expanded programs that maximize good and ensure organizational sustainability. This instrumental case study describes a 6-month consultation with a CBO in New York that provided access to sports for underserved high school students. It details the consultant's attempts to apply theory to practice and respond to the shifting contexts of the CBO and community through a flexible, recursive consultation approach. Through application of utilization-focused evaluation methods and a modified program planning and evaluation framework, the consultant provides insights for other consultants of CBOs, specifically related to questioning organizational assumptions, cocreating and iteratively assessing the aims of a consultation, and balancing the need to respect CBO leadership and challenge assumptions-based thinking that impedes sustainability and growth. The article also highlights the key similarities and differences between CBOs and start-ups in terms of the organizational life cycle and problems they are likely to encounter.
What's It Mean? Implications for Consulting PsychologyCommunity-based organizations (CBOs) provide integral services and manage multiple stakeholder and participant groups in a complex system. Leadership, often driven by passion but without specific management expertise, may struggle to manage this complexity when designing programs and attempting to achieve growth and sustainability. This instrumental case study describes the application of theorybased consulting methods to address needs for one such CBO, with insights that could be applied to consultation with similar organizations. I thank Dr. Charles Maher for his mentorship and support with this project.
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