The importance of emotions within medical practice is well documented. Research suggests that how clinicians deal with negative emotions can affect clinical decision-making, health service delivery, clinician well-being, attentiveness to patient care and patient satisfaction. Previous research has identified the transition from student to junior doctor (intern) as a particularly challenging time. While many studies have highlighted the presence of emotions during this transition, how junior doctors manage emotions has rarely been considered. We conducted a secondary analysis of narrative data in which 34 junior doctors, within a few months of transitioning into practice, talked about situations for which they felt prepared or unprepared for practice (preparedness narratives) through audio diaries and interviews. We examined these data deductively (using Gross’ theory of emotion regulation: ER) and inductively to answer the following research questions: (RQ1) what ER strategies do junior doctors describe in their preparedness narratives? and (RQ2) at what point in the clinical situation are these strategies narrated? We identified 406 personal incident narratives: 243 (60%) contained negative emotion, with 86 (21%) also containing ER. Overall, we identified 137 ER strategies, occurring prior to (n = 29, 21%), during (n = 74, 54%) and after (n = 34, 25%) the situation. Although Gross’ theory captured many of the ER strategies used by junior doctors, we identify further ways in which this model can be adapted to fully capture the range of ER strategies participants employed. Further, from our analysis, we believe that raising medical students’ awareness of how they can handle stressful situations might help smooth the transition to becoming a doctor and be important for later practice.

Human emotions are strongly coupled with physical and mental health of any individual. While emotions exbibit complex physiological and biological phenomenon, yet studies reveal that physiological signals can be used as an indirect measure of emotions. In unprecedented circumstances alike coronavirus (Covid-19) outbreak, a remote IoT enabled solution, coupled with AI can interpret and communicate emotions to serve substantially in healthcare and related fields. This work proposes an integrated IoT framework which enables wireless communication of physiological signals to data processing hub where Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) based emotion recognition is performed. The proposed framework offers real-time communication and recognition of emotions which enables health monitoring and distance learning support amidst pandemics. In this study, the achieved results are very promising. In proposed IoT protocols (TS-MAC and R-MAC) ultra-low latency of 1 millisecond is achieved. R-MAC also offers improved reliability in comparison to state-of-the-art. In addition, the proposed deep learning scheme offers high performance (f-score) of 95%. The achieved results in communications and AI match the interdependency requirements of deep learning and IoT frameworks, thus ensuring the suitability of proposed work in distance learning, student engagement, healthcare, emotion support and general wellbeing.

The present work reveals variation in the nutritional and antioxidant profiles of Moringaoleifera leaves with regard to four maturity stages (early, mid, penultimate and late). The corresponding yield of 80% methanolic extract (14.21 and 9.69%) and total phenolic contents (TPC) of the extract (95.26 and 38.22 mg GAE/g) from M. oleifera leaves were found to be maximum at early stage and minimum at the later stage. Total flavonoids, ash, protein, vitamin C and β-carotene contents were found to be minimum at the early stage and maximum at later stage (12.26 ± 0.47 to 30.07 ± 1.09 mg/g, 10.36–15.92%,50.3 ± 0.15 to 56 ± 0.77 mg/100 g, 143.14 ± 0.74 to 164.81 ± 0.44 mg/100g, and 89 ± 0.28 to 112.8 ± 1.40 mg/100 g). Amino acids including valine, alanine, leucine and phenylalanine were identified with their least contents at early stages (90.87, 53.07, 55.21, and 48.65 µg/g) and maximum at later stages (197.66, 114.3, 114.2, and 104.5 µg/g, respectively). The levels of different minerals such as Cu, Fe, Mn in M. oleifera leaves at different maturity stages varied from 0.59 to 2.08, 21.96 to 58.68, and 5.56 to 13.84 mg/100 g, respectively. RP-HPLC analysis of the nutritionally rich later-stage leave samples revealed the presence of quercetin as a major component (21.64 mg/kg), followed by benzoic acid, ferulic acid, sinapic acid, gallic acid, and p-coumaric acid with contributions of 13.03, 8.85, 3.39, 2.88, and 1.59 mg/kg, respectively. Overall, a considerable variation in the profile of different nutrients and antioxidants was noted in M. oleifera leaves as maturity progressed. These results support the harvesting of M. oleifera leaves at an appropriate maturity stage to maximize the functional food and nutraceutical benefits of this valuable food commodity.

Patients with chronic shoulder pain often experience myofascial trigger points. An ischemic compression (IC) slows blood flow and relieves tension by applying sustained digital pressure for a specific period of time. MET, which stands for Muscle Energy Technique, is another manual method for releasing muscle tension (inhibition). Objective: To compare the effectiveness of muscle energy technique and ischemic compression on myofascial trigger points in patients with chronic shoulder pain. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 40 patients were enrolled from Physical Therapy Department, DHQ hospital Faisalabad, during September 2018 to March 2019. Patients were allocated into two groups. Muscle energy technique was applied on group A (n=20) and ischemic compression was applied on group B (n=20). Both groups received treatment three days a week for four weeks. Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire, Neck Disability Index, Visual Analogue Scale and Goniometer were used to take measurements at baseline and after four weeks of treatment. SPSS 20.0 was used for data entry and analysis. Difference between two treatments was determined by using independent t-test. Results: A statistically significant difference was found between the two groups for all outcome measures (p < 0.05) at four weeks follow-up. Conclusions: Results suggest that muscle energy technique seems more effective compared to ischemic compression in terms of decreasing pain, upper limb and neck disability and improving shoulder mobility in patients with chronic shoulder pain having myofascial trigger points.

Conflicts at work are usually seen as obstacles to organizational performance. thus, in their seminal work on the theory of organizations. March define conflict as a blockage of the normal mechanisms of decision making. at the same time, according to a study of the cabinet opp, carried out in 2008 with 5000 European and American employees, 85% of French employees say they are regularly confronted with a conflict at work. the scale and consequences of conflicts should therefore lead organizations to be equipped to process them. however, according to this same study, 73% of employees have never received training and 45% expect their manager to intervention. conflict management is therefore a real challenge.

Conflicts at work are usually seen as obstacles to organizational performance. thus, in their seminal work on the theory of organizations. March define conflict as a blockage of the normal mechanisms of decision making. at the same time, according to a study of the cabinet opp, carried out in 2008 with 5000 European and American employees, 85% of French employees say they are regularly confronted with a conflict at work. the scale and consequences of conflicts should therefore lead organizations to be equipped to process them. however, according to this same study, 73% of employees have never received training and 45% expect their manager to intervention. conflict management is therefore a real challenge.

Background: Student learning is more important as compared to their marks, position holding learning plays an important role to get what they desire to use it in their education career and farther in professional life. The purpose of the study was to assess the quality of learning of doctor of physical therapy students at the graduate level by considering marks obtained, knowledge retention, concentrated learning or deep conceptual learning, mastery of practical/clinical skills, participation in curricular & extracurricular activities.Materials and Methods: Data was taken from different DPT program offering institutes & universities of Punjab province (Pakistan), 1000 DPT students (N=500 semester system & N=500 annual system) from 1 st year to final year. Self-administered Open and close-ended questionnaire were used to collect data about quality learning on basis of evaluation in semester system and annual system examination. Results:The annual system provides quality learning in terms of conceptual knowledge due to long duration academic year, retention of knowledge, the involvement of curricular & extracurricular activities, acquisition of practical skill, on other hand high marks, concentrated short quick learning study. Conclusion:The study concluded that annual system provides quality learning as assessment process for annual system provides god criteria for student learning capacities.KEY WORDS: Quality Learning, Annual Examination System, Semester Examination System, DPT Students. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND

Dentists' working day involves awkward and static standing and sitting positions to work within a precise mouth area, resulting in musculoskeletal problems. Objective: To determine frequency of musculoskeletal pain and disorders along with the body-site–specific upper limb (UL) symptoms among dentists. Methods: A cross-sectional study with non-probability convenience sampling was done from March to December 2021. Data were collected using three validated questionnaires, Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA), Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Upper Extremity Functional Index (UEFI). SPSS was used to analyze data. Results: Fifty-three dentists were enrolled, with 5 (9.4%) males and 48 (90.6%) females. Pain regions were assessed in terms of frequency and severity of pain. There were significant differences found in different regions with p-value less than 0.001. Severe pain was found more in elbow with 42.9%, moderate pain in shoulder was observed with 37.5% however, 31.8% mild pain was observed in neck region with significant p-value of 0.004. Mean Posture Score (Neck, Shoulder, Elbow and Wrist) was found to be 5.32 ± 0.85 and Mean Posture Score (Upper Back) was found to be 4.08 ± 1.68. Female Gender was found common 25.8% in neck pain, 20.9% in shoulder pain, 16.1% in elbow, 12.9% in upper back with significant p-value of 0.016. Conclusions: Elbow was the most painful area in upper limb among dentists working with Clients. Female were more vulnerable in pain than male and majority reported pain related problem, which results in restricted range of motion