Long-term morphologic changes after endovascular aneurysm repair depend on endograft type.
Purpose: Marfan syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder historically defined by well-characterized features in the cardiovascular, ocular, and skeletal systems. To date, there have been no reports concerning abdominal visceral findings in this disorder. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of abdominal visceral findings in patients with Marfan syndrome. Methods: Computed tomography or magnetic resonance studies of 69 patients with Marfan syndrome and an age-and sex-matched cohort of control subjects were reviewed. The presence of abdominal visceral findings was noted. Chi-square and Student t tests were used to determine significance of differences between the patient and control groups. This retrospective study was approved by the local institutional review board and determined to be exempt from Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act reporting requirements. Results: Renal cysts were present in 41 Marfan patients (59.4%) versus 21 control subjects (30.4%), P ϭ 0.001. The average number of renal cysts was greater in Marfan patients than controls (2.4 vs. 0.9, P ϭ 0.005). Hepatic cysts were present in 24 Marfan patients (34.8%) versus 12 control patients (17.3%), P ϭ 0.02. The average number of hepatic cysts was also greater in Marfan patients than controls (0.9 vs. 0.3, P ϭ 0.027). Cholelithiasis was present in 12 Marfan patients (18.1%) versus one control patient (1.5%), P Ͻ 0.001. Conclusions: Marfan syndrome patients have liver and renal cysts more often, in increased number, and at an earlier age than controls, in addition to an increased prevalence of cholelithiasis. Further study will be needed to relate these findings to recent developments concerning the underlying molecular genetics of this disorder.Genet Med 2007:9(4):208-212.
Lymphoid tissue fragment cultures were established to analyze the differentiative processes among B cells in Peyer's patches (PP) and peripheral lymph nodes (PLN), especially those in germinal centers. PP cultures from both conventionally reared mice and formerly germ-free mice colonized with Morganella morganii could be maintained for >12 days with continued B-cell division, especially among cells binding high levels of peanut agglutinin, a characteristic of germinal center cells. PLN cultures from conventionally reared mice injected with a heat-killed vaccine of M. morganii could be maintained for the same amount of time. Over this period, PP cultures continued to secrete immunoglobulin A (IgA) as well as smaller amounts of IgM. PP cultures from formerly germ-free mice colonized with M. morganii showed net increases of IgA antiphosphocholine (anti-PC) antibodies with avidities as high as those of the prototypic T15 monoclonal antibody. Similar PLN fragment cultures from conventionally reared mice given footpad injections of M. morganii showed net increases of IgM and IgG anti-PC antibodies in the culture fluid. Thus, although M. morganii stimulated lymphoid tissues in vivo to produce an anti-PC response in vitro when given by either the oral or the parenteral route, the antibody isotypes differed between PP and PLN fragment cultures. Fragment culturing may offer a complementary and simpler way to detect a local secretory IgA response than does either measuring IgA antibody in secretions or detecting IgA antibody in the cytoplasm of plasma cells in the lamina propria of gastrointestinal or respiratory tissue.
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