Field studies were conducted on southern highbush blueberry in Elizabethtown and Rocky Point, NC in 2019, 2020, and 2021 to determine tolerance to 2,4-D choline as a postemergence-directed application. There were separate trials for younger and older bearing blueberry bushes, both evaluated 2,4-D choline rates and application timing. Treatments included 2,4-D choline at 0, 0.53, 1.06, 1.60, and 2.13 kg ae ha-1 applied alone in winter during dormancy, and sequential treatments at 0.53 followed by (fb) 0.53, 1.06 fb 1.06, 1.6 fb 1.6, or 2.13 fb 2.13 kg ae ha-1. The first application of the sequential treatments was applied in winter followed by another application in spring during early green fruit. Injury to blueberry from 2,4-D choline treatments was not observed for either maturity stage, and fruit yield was not affected by any of the treatments. Differences among treatments were not observed for fruit soluble solid content in older bushes, or for fruit pH, soluble solid content, and titratable acidity (TA) in younger bushes. In older bushes, fruit pH and TA had rate by timing interactions, and TA had a farm-year interaction with differences at Rocky Point in 2019 and Elizabethtown in 2020, but biologically no pattern was observed from the treatments.
Field studies in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) grown on polyethylene mulched raised beds were conducted from 2018 to 2019 and 2019 to 2020 in Clayton, NC to determine ‘Camarosa’ and ‘Chandler’ strawberry tolerance to 2,4-D directed to the row middle between beds. Treatments included 2,4-D at 0, 0.53, 1.06, 1.60, and 2.13 kg ha-1 applied alone, and sequential treatments [0.53 followed by (fb) 0.53 or 1.06 fb 1.06 kg ha-1]. Initial treatments were applied in winter (December 2018 or January 2020) during vegetative growth and sequential applications were applied in spring (April 2019 or March 2020) during reproductive growth. No differences among treatments were observed for visual foliage injury, strawberry crop canopy, fruit yield, and fruit quality (pH, titratable acidity, and soluble solid content).
Field studies were conducted in commercial muscadine vineyards in western North Carolina in 2018 and eastern North Carolina in 2019, 2020, and 2021 to determine tolerance of younger (< 9 yr) and older (≥ 9 yr) bearing muscadine grapevines to 2,4-D postemergence (POST)-directed beneath the crop. Treatments included 2,4-D choline at 0, 0.53, 1.06, 1.60, and 2.13 kg ae ha-1 applied as a single treatment in May or June (spring) at immediate pre-bloom, and sequential treatments at 0.53 followed by (fb) 0.53, 1.06 fb 1.06, 1.6 fb 1.6, or 2.13 fb 2.13 kg ha-1. The first application of the sequential treatments was applied in spring fb another application of the same amount in July (summer) at pre-veraison. No differences were observed for injury on muscadine grapevines from 2,4-D treatments. Differences among treatments were not observed for yield of younger vines. However, with respect to yield of older vines, a difference due to 2,4-D rate was observed in 2018 where yield was higher for 2,4-D at 1.6 kg ha-1 compared to the nontreated, and 2,4-D at 0.53 and 2.13 kg ha-1. A rate by timing interaction was observed in 2019 with lower yield from 0.53 kg ha-1 2,4-D summer application compared to all other summer treatments but similar to the nontreated. However, no biological pattern was observed from either of these differences. No differences among treatments were observed for fruit pH, titratable acidity (TA), or soluble solid content (SSC) of either younger or older vines.
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