Many natural coumarins and their chemically synthesized analogs and derivatives exert diverse properties, such as anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, or anticoagulant, with the latter being of the utmost importance. The widely used warfarin, acenocoumarol, and phenprocoumon exert anticoagulant properties by inhibiting the vitamin K epoxide reductase complex. In this interdisciplinary review, we present biochemical principles of the coagulation processes and possible methods for their tuning based on the use of coumarins. We also summarize chemical methods of synthesis of coumarins and discuss structures and properties of those that have been used for a long time, as well as newly synthesized compounds. Brief information on the clinical use of coumarins and other anticoagulant drugs is given, including the severe effects of overdosing and methods for reversing their action.
A series
of new coumarin derivatives with a di- or trimethoxybenzylamine moiety
in the C-3 position were synthesized. The structures of all obtained
compounds were characterized by IR, 1H NMR, MS, and elemental
analysis. Two structures of coumarin were determined by X-ray crystallography.
Hirshfeld surface analysis was employed in order to study intermolecular
hydrogen bonds and other interactions. The structures of the other
derivatives were modeled and optimized computationally. The binding
of the new synthesized compounds into albumin structure and vitamin
K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 model is shown using molecular
docking methods.
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