Increasing costs of chemical fertilizers, environmental concerns of their application and demand for protein foods, placed an extensive interest in growing of legume crops for human nutrition, and soil fertility replenishment. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizers on parameters of phenology, growth performance, grain yield, yield components, grain protein content of groundnut, and residual soil nitrogen content in the northern Ethiopia during the growing season of 2017. Three levels of N (0, 15 and 30 kg ha −1 ) and four levels of P 2 O 5 (0, 23, 46 and 69 kg ha −1 ) were set in factorial combinations of randomized complete block design with three replications. Results showed that an average total biomass yield increased by 22.5% for separate individual application of 15 kg N ha −1 and by 16.6% for 46 kg P 2 O 5 ha −1 compared to control plots. Haulm yield increased by 29.17% for plots treated with N fertilization compared to control plots. Average pod yield increased by 85.4% for a combined application of 15 kg N ha −1 and 46 kg P 2 O 5 ha −1 fertilizers compared to the control plots. Plots fertilized with the highest combined rates of N and P have attained lower grain yield compared to the combined application of 15 kg N ha −1 and 46 kg P 2 O 5 ha −1 . The highest grain protein contents were obtained for a combined application of 30 kg N ha −1 and zero P, and 15 kg N ha −1 plus 46 kg P 2 O 5 ha −1 . The highest N harvest index was obtained for control treatments and for plots treated with combined application of 15 kg N ha −1 and 46 kg P 2 O 5 ha −1 . Residual soil N content increased by 119% on plots with combined application of 15 kg N ha −1 and 46 P 2 O 5 ha −1 compared to control plots. Based on our results, combined application of 15 kg N ha −1 and 46 kg P 2 O 5 ha −1 was recommended for increasing grain yield, grain protein content and residual soil nitrogen. The results of this study are crucial to improve groundnut productivity, grain protein content and also to provide implication on soil fertility management in a crop rotation system.
The use of right amount of fertilizer based on crop requirement has a significant importance for sustainable crop production. Study was undertaken to investigate the effects of NPSZnB blended fertilizer for maize yield production at Laelay Adiyabo and Medebay Zana districts. Seven treatments were used for the field experiment. Treatments were without fertilizer, blanket recommended NP (64 kg N ha -1 +69 kg P 2 O 5 ha -1 ) and five treatments of blended fertilizer rates (150, 200, 250, 300, and 350 kg NPSZnB ha -1 ). Treatments were laid out in RCBD design with three replications. The results revealed that among fertilizers rates significantly (P ≤ 0.05) affected almost all the maize traits tested except tasseling, silking and maturity in Laelay Adiyabo district. However, in Medebay Zana district except tasseling, silking and maturity, plant height and thousand seeds weight, the rest parameters of above ground biomass yield, stover yield grain yield and harvest index were found significantly (P<0.05) affected by the fertilizer treatments. Highest stover yields (11.12 and 11.76 t ha -1 ) were obtained from application of 150 and 250 kg NPSZnB ha -1 for Laelay Adiyabo and Medebay Zana districts, respectively. At both districts of Laelay Adiyabo and Medebay Zana areas the highest grain yields (3.20 and 2.97 t ha -1 ) were obtained, respectively from application of NPSZnB fertilizer at the rate of 300 kg ha -1 , while the minimum grain yields of both districts were obtained from the control checks. The highest marginal rate of returns of 242 and 255% were obtained from application of 150 kg NPSZnB ha -1 in both Laelay Adiyabo and Medebay Zana districts, respectively. Therefore, based on the result obtained from this study 150 kg NPSZnB ha -1 can be recommended as profitable for the production of maize at both districts of the study areas.
A field experiment was carried out to evaluate different rates of vermicompost, and inorganic NPS(Nitrogen-Phosphate Fertilizer With Sulphur) fertilizers for wheat production in 2015-2017 main cropping seasons at L/machew district of the Tigray Regional State. There were five systematically combined rates of vermicompost and one rate of NPS treatments during the study. The experimental design was randomized complete block with three replications. Surface soil samples were collected before planting to analyze selected soil properties. The textural class of the soil was clay. The pH of the soil was rated under moderately acidic. Available P was rated under medium in most of the experimental sites while total N was low in all experimental sites. The treatments significantly affected crop phenology, yield and yield components of wheat. Thus tallest plant height was found from treatments that received 100kg/ha NPS, followed by 8.75t/ha vermicompost which resulted in (73.25cm) while the shortest plant (62.73cm) was obtained from control plots, respectively. Highest mean wheat grain yield (2642.8kg/ha) was obtained in response to 100kg NPS from inorganic fertilizer application followed by the second highest dose of vermicompost (7t/ha) with grain yield of 2620 kg/ha. At the wheat plants grown in plot received vermicompost compost at 7t/ha of vermicompost increased the grain yield by 67.78% over the control. Though highest grain yield was obtained from highest dose of vermicompost the partial budget analysis shows that the highest marginal rate of return (456) was obtained from 3.5t/ha VC ha-1 plus 100kg/ha urea at the study area.
Tef is a stable crop in Ethiopia in which its yield is constrained by poor soil fertility management. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted for two consecutive years during 2016 and 2017 on clayey textural soil to assess the effect of vermicompost and inorganic fertilizer rates on yield and yield components of tef. Accordingly, field experiment with four levels of vermicompost (0, 2, 4 and 6 t ha -1 ) and four levels of NPS (0, 100, 150 and 200 kg ha -1 ) were arranged in randomized complete block design (RCBD) in a factorial combination with three replications. A tef variety, qunco was used as test crop. Analysis of the data revealed that highest grain yield (2269.80 kg ha -1 ) was obtained from the treatment of 4 t vermicompost ha -1 + 150 kg NPS ha -1 . Significantly highest straw yield (6480.60 kg ha -1 ) was obtained from the treatment of 6 t vermicompost ha -1 +200 kg NPS ha -1 , but statistically similar with 4 t vermicompost ha -1 +150 kg NPS ha -1 . To evaluate the feasibility of the treatments with view of farmers' practices, a partial budget analysis was conducted on straw and grain yield of tef and accordingly the highest marginal rate of return 4184% were obtained from combined fertilization of 4 t vermicompost ha -1 and 150 kg NPS ha -1 . Therefore, based on the data obtained from this study application of 4 t vermicompost ha -1 and 150 kg NPS ha -1 will be recommended as profitable for the production of tef at Beles kebelle Tahtay Koraro district.
Onion has economically important crop in the study area. However, its low production is due to poor soil fertility management. Thus, the present study was initiated to determine the optimal rate of blended fertilizer required for onion production. A field experiment was conducted for two consecutive years during 2018 and 2019 at farmer's field Tselemti district, the experiment had 8 treatments arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments were 7 levels of NPSB (25, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 kg ha-1), recommended rate of N and P (105 N and 92 P 2 O 5 kg ha-1), and a basal application of top dress N at rate of 69 kg ha-1 were applied for except the plot received recommended NP. The study results showed the application of blended fertilizer not significantly affected most of the crop parameters tested. However, they had a numerical difference among the treatments; since the highest (41157 kg ha-1) and lowest (32650 kg ha-1) marketable yields were obtained from a plot treated by 250 kg ha-1 plus a basal application of top dress N at rate of 69 kg ha-1 and from plots that received 50 kg ha-1 plus a basal application of top dress N at rate of 69 kg ha-1 , respectively. Therefore, experiment for onion production should carry out on omitting trial of blended fertilizer in the study area.
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