Recent developments in resource description standards and technologies have aimed at moving cataloging practice to the web environment and making library data available for exchange and reuse on the Semantic Web. As the library community looks outward and forward, library standards and technologies are converging with Web practices in three areas: content description, data models, and data exchange. This article captures the essence of the core standards and technologies that underlie the daily work of practitioners of library service, including Resource Description and Access (RDA), Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR), the Linked Data environment, Resource Description Framework (RDF), and the Bibliographic Framework Transition Initiative (BIBFRAME). The article will discuss their intersections with existing practice during this period of transition, as well as their potential impacts on the future cataloging practice.
Music materials, particularly scores and recordings, pose unique demands that must be considered for their successful discovery. Some of the discoverability challenges of music materials in public search interfaces can be addressed simply by ensuring that needed bibliographic description fields are appropriately displayed and indexed in discovery interfaces.Other problems are more difficult to solve. This Music Discovery Requirements document explores the issues and gives concrete recommendations for discovery interfaces. Given that most libraries will be dealing with databases containing large bodies of legacy data recorded according to AACR2 and encoded in MARC, particular attention is paid to MARC data and to AACR2; RDA is addressed to the extent possible. The discussions and recommendations will be useful to those creating or guiding the development of discovery interfaces that will facilitate access to music materials. Furthermore, because the document identifies areas where deficient data creates particular problems for discovery, those inputting or creating standards for data can use this document to identify areas with particular needs for fuller, more consistent data. This open access posting includes three spreadsheet appendices which were not published in Notes. Open Access/Copyright Notices This publication first appeared inAnother version of this article (including the spreadsheet appendices, and in-text lists of fields and other metadata specifications) appeared on the Music Discovery Resources section of the Music Library Association website. Future updates will be posted to the Music Library Association website.
Libraries are positioned at the nexus of creative production, music publishing, performance, and research. The academic library community has the potential to play an influential leadership role in shaping the music publishing life cycle, making scores more readily discoverable and accessible, and establishing itself as a force that empowers a wide range of creativity and scholarship. Yet the music publishing industry has been slow to capitalize on the digital market, and academic libraries have been slow to integrate electronic music scores into their collections.In this paper, I will discuss the historical, technical, and human factors that have contributed to this moment, and the critical next steps the academic library community can take in response to the booming digital music publishing market to make a lasting impact through setting technological standards and best practices, developing education in these technologies and related intellectual property issues, and becoming an active partner in digital music publishing and in innovative research and creative possibilities.format's state of integration into library collections. With electronic sheet music publishing on the rise (McGinley 2016b), libraries are positioned at the nexus of creative production, publishing, performance, and research. In this paper, I will discuss the factors that have contributed to this moment, and the critical next steps the academic library community can take to become an influential player, together with music publishers, in the electronic scores ecosystem. ELECTRONIC SCORES IN LIBRARIESLibrary offerings of electronic scores are generally offered in the same way as electronic books or online databases even though the nature of the demands and uses for music scores differs significantly. Ana Dubnjakovic (2009) described the recent proliferation of digitized sheet music online and offered advice on evaluating the quality of the sources and effective searching.Lisa Hooper (2013) issued a call-to-action to initiate a "dialogue between music librarians, vendors, publishers, acquisition librarians, and other non-music librarian professionals" (575).Yet libraries have continued to be reactive to the evolving publishing landscape and complementary technologies. In his 2015 speech, when comparing electronic scores to digital text and the burgeoning field of digital humanities, Darwin Scott declared the state of electronic score "fractured, stuck in nascent and divergent stages of development." He described libraries as meeting the electronic score format in a relationship that is "murky and sometimes stormy," and the effort to integrate it into library operations as "bumpy," resulting in "collective frustration" and "passive surrender." Scott's sentiment was echoed in Hooper's presentation (2015) where she called for positive action and advocacy, with a focus on influencing publishers and vendors on pricing models, licensing models, user interface, and cataloging.Since then, the music library community has responded with several technic...
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