been few studies focusing on the second trimester [4][5][6][7]. On the other hand, it has been reported that 11-43% of cases of LBPP in pregnancy continue to the postpartum period [8,9]. Coping with LBPP in the second trimester, which is a relatively stable stage, is important for reducing LBPP in the postpartum period. In addition, the studies for the relationship of LBPP from the second trimester to one month postpartum were few. The present prospective study was carried out to clarify longitudinal changes in LBPP at the second trimester, third trimester, one week postpartum and one month postpartum and to determine the correlations of LBPP in these stages with factors associated with LBPP. IntroductionThe second trimester in pregnancy is a stable period when pregnant women can carry out daily life activities and work with few pregnancyrelated troubles compared to first trimester and third trimester. According to a study on discomforts in pregnant women in Japan, the mean numbers of discomforts per pregnant woman in the second and third trimesters were 45.4 and 48.7, respectively, suggesting that discomforts of pregnancy increase with advance of gestational stages [1]. Morning sickness-like syndrome occurs in the first trimester and low back and pelvic pain (LBPP) occurs with fetal growth in the second trimester. It has been reported that the proportions of pregnant women whose reporting 7 or more on a self-reported pain score by using a visual analogue scale (VAS) for low back pain were 21.5% at the second trimester and 68.2% at the third trimester. Addition it has been reported suggesting that intensity of low back pain increases with advance of gestational stages [2]. Mohammad et al., reported that mean VAS scores for low back pain at the second trimester and third trimester were significantly higher than that at the first trimester [3]. The second trimester is an important period in which LBPP as a minor pregnancyrelated trouble occurs since the constitution of a pregnant woman changes with fetal growth in the second trimester.Studies on LBPP in pregnancy have mainly focused on women in late pregnancy, when the frequency of LBPP is high and there have AbstractIntroduction: Pregnant women at the second trimester have low back and pelvic pain (LBPP), although the second trimester in pregnancy is a stable stage. Studies on LBPP in pregnancy have mainly focused on late pregnancy and there have been few studies on LBPP at the second trimester. We carried out a prospective study to clarify the longitudinal changes in LBPP from the second trimester to one month postpartum and to determine the correlations of LBPP in those stages with factors associated with LBPP.
The aim of this study was to clarify the proportion of women with low back and/or pelvic pain (LBPP) and LBPP-related factors at the early stage of pregnancy and to clarify the differences between LBPPrelated factors in primiparous women and multiparous women in Japan. 157 pregnant women were recruited. Information about the presence of LBPP, degree of pain by using a visual analog scale (VAS), location of pain, past history of LBPP and background characteristics were collected. Physical status was assessed by the pregnancy mobility index (PMI). The Ethics Committee of Tokushima University Hospital approved the study. The proportion of women who complained of LBPP was 65.6%. PMI score in women with LBPP was significantly higher than that in women without LBPP (p<0.001). The proportions of women with a past history of LBPP before pregnancy and with a past history of LBPP in the previous pregnancy were significantly higher in women with LBPP (p<0.001 and p=0.002, respectively). In women with LBPP, the score of VAS in multiparous women was significantly higher than that in primiparous women (p=0.019). Early management for women with a past history of LBPP before pregnancy and with a past history of LBPP in the previous pregnancy is important. Management for lumbar pain according to parity is needed for health guidance at the early stage of pregnancy.
Background: Low back and pelvic pain (LBPP) is an important issue related to mental health as well as to difficulty for daily life activity during early pregnancy and in the postpartum period. We examined the intensity of LBPP, difficulty for daily life activity and mental health and their associations from early pregnancy until 3 months postpartum in a prospective study. We also examined predictive factors for LBPP at 3 months postpartum. Methods: We recruited 55 pregnant women who responded to questionnaires in the first, second and third trimesters and at one week, one month and 3 months postpartum. We designed a self-administered questionnaire including a visual analog scale (VAS), pregnancy mobility index (PMI) of LBPP and Edinburgh postnatal depression scale (EPDS). Results: There were significant differences in the proportions of women with LBPP in the first trimester (63.6%), second trimester (78.2%) and third trimester (83.6%) and at one week postpartum (80.0%), one month postpartum (69.1%) and 3 months postpartum (56.4%). VAS score at 3 months postpartum was significantly correlated with VAS scores at the first trimester (r = 0.410, p = 0.002), second trimester (r = 0.298, p = 0.027) and one month postpartum (r = 0.476, p < 0.001). VAS score at 3 months postpartum was significantly correlated with PMI scores at the first trimester and one month postpartum.
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