With the resurgence of non-contact vital sign sensing due to the COVID-19 pandemic, remote heart-rate monitoring has gained significant prominence. Many existing methods use cameras; however previous work shows a performance loss for darker skin tones. In this paper, we show through light transport analysis that the camera modality is fundamentally biased against darker skin tones. We propose to reduce this bias through multi-modal fusion with a complementary and fairer modality - radar. Through a novel debiasing oriented fusion framework, we achieve performance gains over all tested baselines and achieve skin tone fairness improvements over the RGB modality. That is, the associated Pareto frontier between performance and fairness is improved when compared to the RGB modality. In addition, performance improvements are obtained over the radar-based method, with small trade-offs in fairness. We also open-source the largest multi-modal remote heart-rate estimation dataset of paired camera and radar measurements with a focus on skin tone representation.
The free access to large-scale public databases, together with the fast progress of deep learning techniques, in particular with the Generative Advertising Networks, has led to the creation of very realistic fake content with its corresponding society in this time of false or fake news. This survey provides a thorough review of techniques to detect DeepFake manipulations.
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