The relationship between degree of resistance to sexual assault and a victim's demographic characteristics, her previous experience with violence, and situational characteristics of the assault were investigated. Victim responses during the assault were characterized as no resistance, verbal resistance, or physical resistance. Demographic characteristics and prior experience with violence did not discriminate degree of resistance. However, victim resistance was significantly predicted by six of the assault characteristics. Victims showed greater resistance if the assailant was a friend or relative, if the assailant made verbal threats, and if he physically restrained or injured her. Greater resistance was also associated with less sexual abuse.
Factors such as remoteness, distances, low density of population, technological challenges and weather all impact the implementation of crisis communication plans in rural and remote communities. The organization studied experiences those challenges. It is a large, decentralized health care organization in north eastern Ontario that provides health care services to people who live in 42 per cent of the province's geographic area. Staff members of the organization were asked what they think are the most effective communications tools to utilize in a crisis. They agreed that the tools must be adaptable and that creative systems must be put in place not only to recognize the challenges, but to successfully overcome them. The research found that traditional, tried and tested conventional communication methods and direct human interaction are preferred, and are more effective than more modern, technology-based tools.
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