Utilization of phytosanitary irradiation as a potential treatment to disinfest agricultural commodities in trade has expanded rapidly in the recent years. In this study, red mites (Tetranychus sp) isolated from cut Chrysanthemums were treated by electron beam irradiation at doses of 100, 200, 300 and 400 Gy. After irradiation, they were kept at room temperature to determine the effects of electron beam irradiation on red mite at different developmental stages (eggs, nymphs and adults) and the reproduction of female adults. The results showed that the pattern of tolerance to irradiation in red mite was eggs < 2nd instars < adults, in which the adults were the most tolerance stage. The number of eggs laid by the irradiated female mites and the hatching rate significantly decreased when the irradiation dose increased. The hatching rate of eggs at 300 Gy was 4.25% and no larvae F1 survived during observation time. It could be concluded that 300 Gy is the effective quarantine dose for red mite infesting on cut chrysanthemums.
Fresh cut flowers including yellow and white chrysanthemum (chrysanthemum sp) and red carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L) were electron beam irradiated as quarantine treatment. The results showed that the irradiated flowers could meet the phytosanitary requirements in the international trading. In this study, the cut flowers were pretreated with the commercial preservative and sugar solutions in order to increase their radio-tolerance and expand their vase-life. The pretreatment has also reduced the weight loss, browning rate of leaves, and brightness of the irradiated flowers. The results revealed that the commercial quality of the irradiated cut flowers pretreated with 2% glucose solution 2 hours, then 0.024% silver thiosulphate (STS) solution for further 2 hours was remained after storage at 4-6oC. Pre-treatment with 2% glucose and 0.024% STS before irradiation at 400 Gy and 600 Gy was chosen as the best way for improving the raditain tolerance of the cut flowers. The vase-lifes of the irradiated cut flowers are 6 days for yellow chrysanthemum; 8 days for white chrysanthemum and 8-10 days for red carnation similar to non-irradition ones.
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) doped in the zeolite framework (AgNPs/Z) were successfully synthesized by γ-irradiation in ethanol solution of silver ion-zeolite (Ag+/Z) prepared by ion exchange reaction between silver nitrate (AgNO3) and zeolite 4A. The effects of the Ag+ concentration and irradiation dose on the formation of AgNPs/Z were also investigated. AgNPs/Z with the silver content of about 10,000 ppm and the average particle size of AgNPs of about 27 nm was characterized by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Firstly, AgNPs/Z was added into PP resins for creation of PP-AgNPs/Z masterbatch (Ag content of ~10.000 ppm) and then PP-AgNPs/Z plastics were preapared by mixing masterbatch with PP resins. The antibacterial activity of the PP-AgNPs/Z plastics was investigated against Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli (E. coli). The results showed that PP-AgNPs/Z plastic contained 100 ppm of Ag possessed a high antibacterial property, namely the bactericidal effect was more than 96 % on the platic surface. In conclusion, possessing many advantages such as: vigorously antibacterial effect and good dispersion in plastic matrix, AgNPs/Z is promising to be applied as bactericidal agent for plastic industry.
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