Multiple abnormalities of a fetus were detected on a routine antenatal anomaly scan at 19 weeks' gestation. Amniocentesis and karyotype analysis showed trisomy 22. The ultrasound and postmortem features are presented.
In Great Britain, “religion or belief” is one of nine “protected characteristics” under the Equality Act 2010, which protects citizens from discrimination in the workplace and in wider society. This paper begins with a discussion about a 2020 ruling, “Jordi Casamitjana vs. LACS”, which concluded that ethical vegans are entitled to similar legal protections in British workplaces as those who hold philosophical religious beliefs. While not all vegans hold a philosophical belief to the same extent as Casamitjana, the ruling is significant and will be of interest to scholars investigating non-religious ethical beliefs. To explore this, we have analysed a sample of YouTube videos on the theme of “my vegan story”, showing how vloggers circulate narratives about ethical veganism and the process of their conversion to vegan beliefs and practices. The story format can be understood as what Abby Day has described as a performative “belief narrative”, offering a greater opportunity to understand research participants’ beliefs and related identities than, for example, findings from a closed-question survey. We suggest that through performative acts, YouTubers create “ethical beliefs” through the social, mediatised, transformative, performative and relational practice of their digital content. In doing so, we incorporate a digital perspective to enrich academic discussions of non-religious beliefs.
We examined predictors of adherence to preconception and prenatal micronutrient supplementation, using data from a randomized controlled trial in rural Vietnam. 5011 women of reproductive age were randomized to receive weekly PRECONCEPT supplements containing either: Folic Acid, Iron and Folic Acid (IFA), or Multiple Micronutrients. Women who became pregnant (1744) received daily prenatal IFA (GESTCARE) supplements through delivery. Monitors visited women's homes every 14 d to deliver supplements and record consumption and side effects. 59% and 75% consumed all the tablets that they received for PRECONCEPT and GESTCARE, respectively. In logistic regression analyses, women anemic at baseline (OR, 95% CI=1.25, 1.06 1.47), farmers (OR, 95% CI=1.28, 1.07 1.53), and minority ethnicity (OR, 95% CI=1.50, 1.31 1.71) were more likely to have lower adherence to PRECONCEPT supplements and minority ethnicity with lower adherence to GESTCARE (OR, 95% CI=1.33, 1.01 1.77). There were no differences by type of supplement. Parity, body mass index, side effects, and education did not predict adherence (p>0.05). Adherence to preconception and prenatal supplementation was high among women from a rural province of Vietnam. Lower adherence in vulnerable groups suggests a need to develop tailored behavior change interventions to accompany micronutrient supplementation in this population. Funded by the Micronutrient Initiative and the Mathile Institute.
ObjectiveExamine how iron stores and home stimulation relate to infant development in rural India.MethodsEnrolled 497 infants age 6–12 mo. Calculated weight‐age, length‐age, & weight‐length z‐scores (WAZ, HAZ, WHZ). Assessed home stimulation (HOME Inventory), motor, language & visual reception (Mullen Scales of Early Learning) & socioemotional (Brief Infant‐Toddler Socio‐Emotional Assessment). Associations of iron stores & home stimulation with development estimated by analyses of variance, adjusted by child age, WAZ, HAZ, WHZ, hemoglobin (Hb), B12, C reactive protein, maternal education & household assets.Results71% had adequate iron stores (ferritin>;12 μg/L), 66% were anemic (Hb<11 g/dL), 20% stunted (HAZ<‐2) & 19% underweight (WAZ<‐2). Ferritin was positively associated with fine motor (p=.039), receptive language (p=.045), & socioemotional (p=.023), but not gross motor, expressive language, or visual reception. Home stimulation was positively associated with receptive (p=.025) & expressive language (p=.002), visual reception (p<.001), & socio‐emotional (p<.001), but not gross/fine motor.ConclusionIron stores & home stimulation are independently associated with infant development, supporting evaluation of an integrated micronutrient‐infant development trial.Support: Mathile Institute & Micronutrient Initiative
Women's nutrition before and during pregnancy is an important determinant of maternal, neonatal and child health outcomes. We examined the adequacy and determinants of energy and macronutrient nutrient intakes of 5011 women of reproductive age (WRA) who have been enrolled in a study of preconceptual micronutrient supplementation (PRECONCEPT) being conducted in 20 rural communes in Thái Nguyên province, Vietnam. Dietary intakes were determined using a validated 107‐item (semi‐quantitative) food‐frequency questionnaire that was administered by trained field workers. More than 50% failed to meet the minimum recommended energy intake. Carbohydrate, protein and fat constituted 65.6%, 14.8%, and 19.5% of total calories, respectively. Protein and fat intakes were below recommended levels in 7.6% and 56.5%, respectively. Only 3.2% and 11.8% had adequate intakes of n‐3 and n‐6 long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that low education, low socioeconomic status, and food insecurity were significant predictors of low energy (overall and animal sources) and macronutrient intakes. This suggests that nutrition programs should be linked with social development, education and behavior change counseling in order to improve the nutritional status of WRA in Vietnam.Funding: The Mathile Institute and the Micronutrient Initiative
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