This study seeks to explore the effects of smart-based flipped learning activities on learners' study achievement, self-directed learning, collaborative learning and information use ability. To achieve this study purpose, 112 6th-grade students in the elementary school P in Gympo-si, Gyeonggi-

No abstract

No abstract

Smart mobile devices and advanced wireless networks make the vision of pervasive computing come into reality through context aware services. A wireless spatial data broadcasting is a natural way of pervasive information services by providing information related to mobile clients' location context to an arbitrary number of clients. To support location aware information services efficiently, we propose a spatial index based on expanded grid cells, named SIEC, aiming at spatial data broadcasting on air. The SIEC is organized with expanded cells of a regular grid partition for spatial data items, allows mobile clients to quickly access the queried data items by lowering the number of grid cells the clients have to access. Simulation studies show that the proposed scheme outperforms the existing schemes regarding the access time, tuning time, and energy consumed while processing given queries.

No abstract