Awareness of extrinsic professional factors is important continually to maintain nursing professionalism. The findings of our study may help nurse managers to continue their self-development and to realise the potential of their nursing staff by developing professionalism. These findings also provide an understanding of international professionalism trends to achieve higher levels of nursing professionalism through the evaluation of professional nursing behaviours.
Aim: To investigate nurses' perceptions of their work environment and to investigate the relationships between variables measuring the work environment (WE) and nursing outcomes (NOs).Design: A 2-year prospective longitudinal survey (2013)(2014)(2015).
Method(s):Descriptive statistics of nurse demographics, organizational WE and NOs were calculated by position. The associations between Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index (PES-NWI) and NOs were examined for each unit.
Results:The participants were 2,992 staff nurses, 137 nurse managers (NMs), and 8 chief nursing officers in Phase 1 and 7,849, 371 and 23 in Phase 2, respectively. The higher the job position, the better the WE was rated. The higher the PES-NWI scores, the better the outcomes. Descriptive statistics about organizational WEs and NOs and the statistically significant associations between the two were identified.
Aim: Many instruments for evaluating clinical teaching have been developed, albeit most in Western countries. This study aims to develop a validated cultural and local context sensitive instrument for clinical teachers in an East Asian setting (Japan), Japanese Clinical Teacher Evaluation Sheet (JaCTES). Methods: A multicenter, cross-sectional evaluation study was conducted. We collected a total of 1368 questionnaires on 304 clinical teachers, completed by residents in 16 teaching hospitals. The construct validity was examined by conducting a factor analysis and using structural equation modeling (SEM). We also assessed the reliability using generalizability analysis and decision study. Results: Exploratory factor analysis resulted in three-factor (role model, teaching activities, and accessibility) model including 18 items. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed, using SEM. The comparative fit index was 0.931 and the root mean square error of approximation was 0.087, meaning an acceptable goodness of fit for this model. To obtain a reliable dependability-coefficient of at least 0.70 or higher, 5-8 resident responses are necessary. Discussion and conclusion: JaCTES is the first reported instrument with validity evidence of content and internal structure and high feasibility in Japan, an East Asian setting. Medical educators should be aware of the local context and cultural aspects in evaluating clinical teachers.
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a highly prevalent disease, which still has unmet medical needs. Therapeutic angiogenesis for PAD, achieved by gene therapy, has achieved promising results in preclinical studies and early-phase clinical trials, yet few late-phase clinical trials have been conducted or have not shown efficacy. This article provides an overview of the progression of angiogenesis research in gene therapy field as it applies to PAD. The focus of angiogenic growth factors and clinical trials is introduced as a frontier of therapeutic angiogenesis. The article also includes insights into future directions from bench to bedside.
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