Background: The authors investigated the synergistic effects of adipose-derived stem cells and fat graft on skin wrinkles in a nude mouse model of chronologic aging. Methods: After 50 weeks of chronologic aging, 44 female BALB/c nude mice were classified into four groups: (1) negative control, (2) mice injected subcutaneously with fat on the back skin (0.5 cm3), (3) mice injected with adipose-derived stem cells (1 × 105 cells in 0.5 cm3 Hanks balanced salt solution), and (4) mice injected with both fat (0.5 cm3) and adipose-derived stem cells (1 × 105 cells in 0.5 cm3 Hanks balanced salt solution). The degree of wrinkling was evaluated using replica analysis, and skin biopsies were performed after 4 weeks. The dermal thickness and density of collagen were determined. Type I procollagen and matrix metalloproteinase levels were determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. Tropoelastin, fibrillin-1, and CD31 levels were evaluated using immunohistochemistry. Results: Based on the total wrinkle area, there was significant wrinkle reduction in the fat-treated and adipose-derived stem cell with fat–treated groups. Type I procollagen mRNA and collagen levels were significantly higher in the adipose-derived stem cell with fat–treated group than in the adipose-derived stem cell–treated and the fat-treated groups. In addition, the adipose-derived stem cells with fat graft group exhibited significantly higher CD31 expression level than the adipose-derived stem cell–treated and the fat-treated groups. Conclusion: Both adipose-derived stem cells and fat graft have a wrinkle-reducing effect and synergistically affect collagen synthesis and neovascularization.
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