We design a peer-to-peer technique called ZIGZAG for single-source media streaming. ZIGZAG allows the media server to distribute content to many clients by organizing them into an appropriate tree rooted at the server. This applicationlayer multicast tree has a height logarithmic with the number of clients and a node degree bounded by a constant. This helps reduce the number of processing hops on the delivery path to a client while avoiding network bottleneck. Consequently, the end-to-end delay is kept small. Although one could build a tree satisfying such properties easily, an efficient control protocol between the nodes must be in place to maintain the tree under the effects of network dynamics and unpredictable client behaviors. ZIGZAG handles such situations gracefully requiring a constant amortized control overhead. Especially, failure recovery can be done regionally with little impact on the existing clients and mostly no burden on the server. 0-7803-7753-2/03/$17.00 (C) 2003 IEEE
We present a system for video-on-demand streaming in peer-to-peer environment. We start by realizing the major differences between two types of streaming: live and on-demand. These observations lead to a set of problems that need to be solved for a peer-to-peer video-on-demand system. To address these problems, we propose a solution, which includes detail algorithms for building and maintaining an application multicast tree. The novel ideas in this paper are the use of a new caching scheme at clients, and the introduction of generation for better client management. Performance study based on simulation is carried out. The results show that our system outperforms a recently proposed system [3] in a number of important performance metrics.
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