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Low-rank matrix recovery (LRMR) model, aiming at decomposing a matrix into a low-rank matrix and a sparse one, has shown the potential to address the problem of saliency detection, where the decomposed low-rank matrix naturally corresponds to the background, and the sparse one captures salient objects. This is under the assumption that the background is consistent and objects are obviously distinctive. Unfortunately, in real images, the background may be cluttered and may have low contrast with objects. Thus directly applying the LRMR model to the saliency detection has limited robustness. This paper proposes a novel approach that exploits bottom-up segmentation as a guidance cue of the matrix recovery. This method is fully unsupervised, yet obtains higher performance than the supervised LRMR model. A new challenging dataset PASCAL-1500 is also introduced to validate the saliency detection performance. Extensive evaluations on the widely used MSRA-1000 dataset and also on the new PASCAL-1500 dataset demonstrate that the proposed saliency model outperforms the state-of-the-art models.

Unlike the conventional facial expressions, micro-expressions are involuntary and transient facial expressions capable of revealing the genuine emotions that people attempt to hide. Therefore, they can provide important information in a broad range of applications such as lie detection, criminal detection, etc. Since micro-expressions are transient and of low intensity, however, their detection and recognition is difficult and relies heavily on expert experiences. Due to its intrinsic particularity and complexity, video-based micro-expression analysis is attractive but challenging, and has recently become an active area of research. Although there have been numerous developments in this area, thus far there has been no comprehensive survey that provides researchers with a systematic overview of these developments with a unified evaluation. Accordingly, in this survey paper, we first highlight the key differences between macro-and micro-expressions, then use these differences to guide our research survey of video-based micro-expression analysis in a cascaded structure, encompassing the neuropsychological basis, datasets, features, spotting algorithms, recognition algorithms, applications and evaluation of state-of-the-art approaches. For each aspect, the basic techniques, advanced developments and major challenges are addressed and discussed. Furthermore, after considering the limitations of existing micro-expression datasets, we present and release a new dataset -called micro-and-macro expression warehouse (MMEW)containing more video samples and more labeled emotion types. We then perform a unified comparison of representative methods on CAS(ME) 2 for spotting, and on MMEW and SAMM for recognition, respectively. Finally, some potential future research directions are explored and outlined.

With coastal erosion and the increased interest in beach monitoring, there is a greater need for evaluation of the shoreline detection methods. Some studies have been conducted to produce state of the art reviews on shoreline definition and detection. It should be noted that with the development of remote sensing, shoreline detection is mainly achieved by image processing. Thus, it is important to evaluate the different image processing approaches used for shoreline detection. This paper presents a state of the art review on image processing methods used for shoreline detection in remote sensing. It starts with a review of different key concepts that can be used for shoreline detection. Then, the applied fundamental image processing methods are shown before a comparative analysis of these methods. A significant outcome of this study will provide practical insights into shoreline detection.