Purpose Conventional data envelopment analysis (DEA) models permit each decision-making unit (DMU) to assess its efficiency score with the most favorable weights. In other words, each DMU selects the best weighting schemes to obtain maximum efficiency for itself. Therefore, using different sets of weights leads to many different efficient DMUs, which makes comparing and ranking them on a similar basis impossible. Another issue is that often more than one DMU is evaluated as efficient because the selection of weights is flexible; therefore, all DMUs cannot be completely differentiated. The purpose of this paper is to development a common weight in dynamic network DEA with a goal programming approach. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, a goal programming approach has been proposed to generate common weights in dynamic network DEA. To validate the applicability of the proposed model, the data of 30 non-life insurance companies in Iran during 2013-2015 have been used for measuring their efficiency scores and ranking all of the companies. Findings Findings show that the proposed methodology is an effective and practical approach to measure the efficiency of DMUs with dynamic network structure. Originality/value The proposed model delivers more knowledge of the common weight approaches and improves the DEA theory and methodology. This model makes it possible to measure efficiency scores and compare all DMUs from multiple different standpoints. Further, this model allows one to not only calculate the overall efficiency of DMUs throughout the time period but also consider dynamic change of the time period efficiency and dynamic change of the divisional efficiency of DMUs.

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The primary purpose of this study is twofold: Firstly, using the Markov Regime Switching model throughout December 2008 to February 2020, it investigates and compares the nonlinear impacts of exchange rate movements and monetary policies on Petroleum Stock Index, PSI, in Iran. Accordingly, some control variables, such as OPEC oil price, inflation rate, and international sanctions, have also been used to model these relationships more accurately. Secondly, it is an empirical attempt to trace the historical changes in the PSI behavior through distinguishing the precise regime numbers, and the relationships between the exogenous variables and the PSI. Our results confirm that the effects of both exchange rate movements and monetary policies on the petroleum stock market return are direct and significant. More interestingly, the more we move from regime one to regime three, the greater the effects of the research variables on the index, except for the impact of OPEC oil prices. Our

Optimization problems are becoming more complicated, and their resource requirements are rising. Real-life optimization problems are often NP-hard and time or memory consuming. Nature has always been an excellent pattern for humans to pull out the best mechanisms and the best engineering to solve their problems. The concept of optimization seen in several natural processes, such as species evolution, swarm intelligence, social group behavior, the immune system, mating strategies, reproduction and foraging, and animals' cooperative hunting behavior. This paper proposes a new Meta-Heuristic algorithm for solving NP-hard nonlinear optimization problems inspired by the intelligence, socially, and collaborative behavior of the Qashqai nomad's migration who have adjusted for many years. In the design of this algorithm uses population-based features, experts' opinions, and more to improve its performance in achieving the optimal global solution. The performance of this algorithm tested using the well-known optimization test functions and factory facility layout problems. It found that in many cases, the performance of the proposed algorithm was better than other known meta-heuristic algorithms in terms of convergence speed and quality of solutions. The name of this algorithm chooses in honor of the Qashqai nomads, the famous tribes of southwest Iran, the Qashqai algorithm.