We investigated relationships between outdoor air pollution and pterygium in Korean adults. This study includes 23,276 adults in population-based cross-sectional data using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008–2011. Pterygium was assessed using slit lamp biomicroscopy. Air pollution data (humidity, particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 10 μm [PM10], ozone [O3], nitrogen dioxide [NO2], and sulfur dioxide levels [SO2]) for 2 years preceding the ocular examinations were acquired. Associations of multiple air pollutants with pterygium or pterygium recurrence after surgery were examined using multivariate logistic models, after adjusting for several covariates. Distributed lag models were additionally used for estimating cumulative effects of air pollution on pterygium. None of air pollution factors was significantly associated with pterygium or pterygium recurrence (each P > 0.05). Distributed lag models also showed that air pollution factors were not associated with pterygium or pterygium recurrence in 0-to-2 year lags (each P > 0.05). However, primary pterygium showed a weak association with PM10 after adjusting for covariates (odds ratio [OR] 1.23; [per 5 μg/m3 PM10 increase]; P = 0.023). Aging, male sex, and greater sun exposure were associated with pterygium, while higher education level and myopia were negatively associated with pterygium (each P ≤ 0.001). Male sex and myopia were negatively associated with pterygium recurrence (each P < 0.05). In conclusion, exposure to higher PM10 levels was associated with primary pterygium, although this study observed no significant association between air pollution and overall pterygium or pterygium recurrence in Korean adults.
Purpose: To define risk factors for and to analyze changes in hyperopic refractive error during development of postoperative exotropia (XT) after bilateral medial rectus (BMR) recession to treat infantile esotropia. Methods: We retrospectively examined 50 patients with infantile esotropia who underwent BMR recession from January 2005 to December 2010. All were <10 years of age and underwent ≥36 months of follow-up. We recorded age at operation, the preoperative strabismus angle, the extent of medial rectus recession, strabismus status, pre-and post-operative changes in the refractive errors of both eyes, any postoperative overcorrection, any dissociated vertical deviation (DVD), and inferior oblique overaction (IOOA) status. Results: Consecutive XT developed in 18 (36%) patients. The preoperative refractive error was +0.90 ± 0.79 D in the consecutive XT group and +1.94 ± 1.48 D in the surgical success (SS) group (p = 0.019). The extent of hyperopic decrease was significantly greater in the consecutive XT group than the SS group (consecutive XT group: 1.59 ± 1.38 D, SS group: 2.86 ± 1.97 D) at 3 years of post-operative follow-up (p = 0.008). Postoperative IOOA was detected in 10 (70.5%) patients in the consecutive XT group and 3 (29.55%) in the SS group (p = 0.002). No significant between-group difference in the incidence of overcorrection or DVD was apparent. Conclusions:The presence of hyperopia (>+2.0 D) prior to BMR recession and a marked fall in the extent of hyperopia (−1.0 D/year) after recession may be associated with a high risk of consecutive XT. Thorough follow-up is necessary when IOOA develops after BMR recession. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2018;59(3):276-281
Purpose: To evaluate the visual outcomes and satisfaction of patients with enhanced monofocal intraocular lenses (IOL) implanted during phacovitrectomy. Methods: A university hospital, retrospective, non-comparative pilot study. The main outcome measures were uncorrected near visual acuity (UNVA), uncorrected intermediate visual acuity (UIVA), uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuity (UDVA and CDVA, respectively), and the image through the IOL to assess the quality of the intraoperative view. Patient satisfaction was assessed using a 3-month follow-up questionnaire.Results: This study included 20 eyes that underwent phacovitrectomy with implantation of an enhanced monofocal IOL (TECNIS Eyhance ICB00; Johnson & Johnson Surgical Vision, Santa Ana, CA, USA). The most common cause of vitrectomy was epiretinal membrane in 15 eyes (75%), followed by mild vitreous hemorrhage in three eyes (15%) and vitreous opacity in two eyes (10%). There was no difference between the view through the enhanced monofocal IOL and that through the monofocal IOL (TECNIS ® ZCB00; Johnson & Johnson Surgical Vision, Santa Ana, CA, USA). The mean 3-month postoperative CDVA, UDVA, and UIVA were 0.10 ± 0.15, 0.15 ± 0.11, and 0.30 ± 0.14 (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution), respectively; the improvements were statistically significant (p < 0.001). The mean 3-month postoperative UNVA was 0.50 ± 0.12, showing no significant difference (p = 0.803). The mean general and intermediate quality of vision scores were 9.13 ± 0.73 and 7.4 ± 0.25, respectively (0: very dissatisfied; 10: very satisfied). Out of 20 patients, 17 (85%) were satisfied with their intermediate vision; some reported glare (2 [10%]) and halo (1 [5%]). Conclusions: Combined vitrectomy and cataract surgery with enhanced monofocal IOL implantation led to favorable visual outcomes at far and intermediate distances and high patient satisfaction.
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