Bubble behavior and the radiation mechanism from a laser-induced collapsing bubble were investigated theoretically using the Keller–Miksis equation for the bubble wall motion and analytical solutions for the vapor inside the bubble. The calculated time-dependent bubble radius is in good agreement with observed ones. Also, the calculated half width and the total emission of the luminescence pulse from the vapor bubble at the collapse point agreed well with the observed value of 8 nanoseconds and 2.3 mW, respectively. The inert gas content inside the laser-induced vapor bubble was too small to produce light emission due to bremsstrahlung.
Homogeneous Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 nanoparticles were prepared: First, LiOH was coated onto TiO 2 nanoparticles via a sonochemical method, operated at 20 kHz and 220 W for 20 min. These particles have about 2-5 nm coating depth of LiOH on the TiO 2 nanoparticle surface. Second, the resulting nanoparticles were thermally treated at 500 • C for 1 h, resulting in the formation of Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 (LTO) nanoparticles. These LTO nanoparticles had an average grain size of about 30-40 nm with excellent phase purity in good stoichiometric ratios of Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 . These nanoparticles with a uniform size distribution were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and high resolution-transmission electron microscopy analyses.
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