MBF was significantly lower after booster injection of BTX-A into the human masseter muscle, but it gradually recovered in a predictable pattern, and the degree of discomfort experienced by the subjects had little effect on normal mastication.

The authors developed a growth method for carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by using a resist-assisted patterning process. The CNTs can be grown directly on the patterned catalyst surface without a diffusion barrier. The growth-site patterns were fabricated on a nickel/silicon (Ni∕Si) substrate by a conventional lithography method using a photopatternable resist. The growth mechanism of the CNTs without diffusion barrier was confirmed by Raman spectroscopy and transmission-electron microscope measurement. The carbon-network formation during forming the process is a key parameter for CNT growth. The technique will be applicable to a low-cost fabrication process of electron-emitter arrays.

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We studied the effect of bias aging on the field emission properties of selectively patterned carbon nanotube field emitter arrays (CNT) grown using the resist-assisted patterning process. After electrical aging using an electric field of 6.87V∕μm for 40h, it was observed that the electron emission properties and uniformity were remarkably improved. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra show a shift of 0.2eV in the O1s peak and the concentration of oxygen is reduced. Also, transmission electron microscopy measurements showed that Ni catalyst was removed from CNT tips after aging. Therefore, after electrical aging, we obtained enhanced and stable electron emission over a wide current range.

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