These findings demonstrate that cartilage can be reshaped through the process we have described as "electroforming" by generating intrinsic differences in charge separation with negligible heat production.

Laser cartilage reshaping is a temperature-dependent process that results in stress relaxation with subsequent formation of a new and stable specimen geometry. The objective of this study was to quantitatively measure changes in the elastic moduli of porcine cartilage following laser heating. The elastic modulus of porcine nasal septal cartilage specimen (25 x 5 x 2 mm) was measured before and after Nd: YAG laser (lambda=1.32 Irvinem, 21.22 W/cm2) irradiation and following rehydration in saline solution. Specimens were secured in a single beam cantilever configuration and displaced using a calibrated thin beam load cell attached to a motorised micropositioner. Elastic modulus was calculated using elastic beam theory. Measurements were recorded before and immediately after laser heating, and following rehydration in saline solution (40 minutes, 25 degrees C). Specimens heated in saline (100 degrees C and then re-hydrated) were used as controls to determine the effect of total thermal denaturation. The calculated moduli before and after irradiation were 4.86 +/- .145 MPa and 1.166 +/- .055 MPa respectively. Following rehydration in saline, the modulus returned to near-baseline values (5.119 +/- .163 MPa). In contrast, elasticity remained lower in specimens boiled and re-hydrated (3.25 +/- .130 MPa). These findings suggest that cartilage matrix does not undergo complete thermal denaturation during laser reshaping, given the return in tissue properties with rehydration.

Congenital and acquired airway lesions in ;infants and children can be treated with the laser. A combined approach with other techniques may be considered to decrease the duration of the procedure when applicable.