The word Budi is a well-known term in the Malay-speaking world and has numerous meanings. In this article, the authors describe the term Budi and its use. The authors argue that Budi stands for a whole concept and is closely related to the Malay worldview. A structuralist research method was used to detect specific patterns. In their analysis, the researchers considered the ideas of Claude Levi-Strauss and Ferdinand Saussure. The researchers analyzed an ‘ideal’ personality that is mentioned in the literature. The authors looked into the novel ‘Sitti Nurbaya’ and illustrated the concept of Budi. It was detected that Sitti Nurbaya personifies in many ways the element of Budi and is a kind of ideal. On the other side, many despicable character traits could be found in the character of Datuk Meringgih. The authors concluded that Budi is an idea that includes a lot of praiseworthy character traits of the people in the Malay-speaking world.
In this article, the researchers want to find out whether novels written by local authors can be a source of anthropological knowledge. The researchers analysed the novel Anak dan Kemenakan [Children and Nephews], that was written by Marah Rusli. The main objectives were to find out what kind of anthropological knowledge it contains and whether it can be an anthropological source. It was detected that it gives a good impression of the Minangkabau kinship system. Furthermore, the novel also includes anthropological knowledge that describes part of the Minangkabau culture in West Sumatra, like the culture-specific terminology or the importance of discussing in order to achieve a consensus. The researchers concluded that the book Anak dan Kemenakan describes the cultural situation of West Sumatra at the beginning of the 20th century. Furthermore, Marah Rusli used the perspective of the upper class during that time.
Kajian ini dijalankan untuk mengenal pasti tahap motivasi pelajar asing dalam menguasai bahasa Melayu secara pembelajaran dalam talian. Selain itu, kajian ini juga menghuraikan halangan yang mempengaruhi mereka dalam menguasai bahasa Melayu melalui pembelajaran dalam talian. Kaedah kuantitatif dan instument soal selidik telah digunakan bagi memperoleh data kajian ini. Sebanyak 227 orang responden dipilih merupakan pelajar asing yang mengambil Kursus Bahasa Melayu Komunikasi dari pelbagai negara. Data dianalisis dan dipaparkan dalam bentuk min, sisihan piawai dan tahap interprestasi. Dapatan kajian ini mendapati bahawa min keseluruhan bagi tahap motivasi pelajar asing dalam menguasai bahasa Melayu secara dalam talian ialah tinggi. Hal ini membuktikan bahawa pelajar asing ini masih bersemangat untuk menguasai bahasa Melayu walaupun pembelajaran dijalankan secara dalam talian. Min keseluruhan bagi halangan pelajar asing menguasai bahasa Melayu ialah sederhana dan membuktikan bahawa halangan ini hanya dihadapi oleh segelintir pelajar sahaja. Sikap pelajar yang bermotivasi tinggi mampu mengatasi setiap halangan. Pelajar perlu menyesuaikan diri pada musim pandemik ini dan menggunakan peluang ini untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dalam pembelajaran dan pengajaran secara dalam talian.
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