Objective: The objective of the study was to report the socio demographic risk factors of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).
Methods: This study was conducted in the Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar. In this study 103 GDM and 97 healthy pregnant women (HPW) were registered in Khyber Teaching Hospital (KTH), Peshawar, Pakistan. Women with gestational diabetes were diagnosed with 75mg Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT). Data was collected through questionnaire which had information about sociodemographic risk factors.
Results: Maternal age, BMI and parity of GDM were significantly higher at P<0.05 as compared to HPW. Previous history of gestational diabetes and family history of diabetes of GDM women were also significantly higher at P<0.001 as compared the control group. Socioecnomic status, education level and occupations of GDM and HPW were not significantly different.
Conclusion: Maternal age, BMI, parity, previous history of gestational diabetes and family history of diabetes are the high risk factors of GDM. Socioecnomic status does not affect the prevalence of GDM.
Iron losses can account for a significant portion of the total loss in electrical machines. Nevertheless, although analytical and numerical techniques have been developed for predicting the iron loss density distribution and the total iron loss of various types of machine under any operating load condition, to date these have neglected the effect of mechanical stress. However, during the manufacture of many electrical machines, a significant radial compressive stress can be imposed on the stator lamination stack, by shrink fitting/pressing an outer frame, for example. This paper describes a technique that has been developed for predicting the effect of compressive stress on the iron loss density in lamination materials, and demonstrates its use in calculating the iron loss of a permanent magnet brushless dc motor.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.