A new species of freshwater diaptomid copepod, Neodiaptomus siamensis n. sp., is described from temporary pools in northern Thailand. This species is rare, found only in three out of 182 samples collected in the provinces Kamphaeng Phet and Phitsanulok. It is most closely similar to the Thai endemic N. songkhramensis Sanoamuang & Athibai, 2002, which also occurs in temporary waters only. The new species can be distinguished from its congeners by the presence of minute chitinous teeth on the ventral surface of the male caudal rami and three small, circular knobs on the posterior surface of the second exopodal segment of the male right P5.
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