Aims:To determine the amount of force degradation of three types of orthodontic traction aid polyurethane elastomeric chain (PEC), nickel titanium closed coil spring (NiTi CCS) and stainless steel closed coil spring (SS CCS). Material and methods: Samples were extended to a specific distance which was 18 mm in case of PEC and 20 mm in case of NiTi CCS and SS CCS. Each extended sample will then incubated in dry condition, artificial saliva, and mouthwash solution, for total incubation period of three weeks. Results: showed that samples in dry condition always showed minimum force degradation percent than in wet conditions. It also showed that the increase of incubation time leads to increase in force degradation percent with major degradation percent located within first twenty four hours. Conclusions: in dry and two wet conditions, NiTi CCS reflects the lowest percent of force degradation, PEC showed highest percent, while SS CCS showed intermediate one.

The aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of mandibular infiltration compared with the mandibular block in treating mandibular primary molars in children and to relate it to the type of treatment performed. Materials and Methods: The study design was case control study. The study sample consisted of 98 cooperative children of age 3-9 years old. Forty eight children were the study group (infiltration group). Equal number of children to the study group matched for age and gender were chosen (block group), they had the same criteria of the study group and required the same type of treatment. Dental procedure included amalgam restorations, foromcresol pulpotomies, and extractions. Evaluations of pain for each anesthesia technique and type of treatment were conducted using sounds; motor and ocular changes indicating pain. Evaluations were made upon probing, during tooth preparation, coronal pulp removal and extraction. Results: No statistically significant difference was found between the two anesthetic techniques of pain, when performing amalgam restorations (p>0.05). Mandibular infiltration was significantly less effective than mandibular block for pulpotomy and extraction (p<0.05). Conclusions: In this study, the mandibular infiltration was found to be a reliable local anesthetic technique in amalgam restoration. For pulpotomy and extraction, mandibular infiltration was not as effective as mandibular block. It is recommended to avoid the mandibular infiltration anesthesia, whenever possible for pulpotomy or extraction procedure in primary molars.

Aims: This study aimed to detect if there are a correlation between the maxillary sinus measurements ( height and depth) with the cranial and facial structures that probably could estimate a functional matrix rule of the maxillary sinus in the growth of these structure add to estimate the percent of increase from age group to another. Materials and Methods: A digital lateral cephalometric radiographs of 113 males with class I malocclusion from Mosul city were divided into three age groups: 14 patients Preadolescent (6-9 years), 70 patients adolescent (11-15 years) and 29 patients adult (17-42 years) with measurements taken involving the maxillary sinus height and depth, maxillary length, mandibular lengths, anterior facial height(upper and lower parts), posterior facial height (upper and lower part), cranial base dimensions then a correlation have been down between the maxillary sinus height and depth with the related dimensions of the craniofacial complex. Results: The correlation between the MSH and the related craniofacial dimensions in the three age groups showed a significantly positive correlations in nearly all of the measurement specially at adolescences and adults with just two significant positive correlations for MRL and TPFH in preadolescence, on the other hand correlating the MSH with the related measurement in general in single group showed a positive significant correlation for all measurement. While correlating the MSD with the related craniofacial dimensions showed a significantly positive correlation with MBL, TML and Nba in adult. For MBL and TML in preadolescence, but no significant correlation showed in adolescence, with a significant correlation for MSD with nearly all the related craniofacial dimensions in all age group in general. In all measurement the percentage of increase from preadolescence to adolescence more than that from adolescence to adult. Conclusions: we could concluded that in the three age groups the growth of the maxillary sinus probably may influence the related craniofacial structures as a functional matrix role in the growth mechanism.

Aims:This study aimed to determine the effect of newly introduced 0.020" slot size brackets on dimensional positions and space closure ratio of mandibular canine. Material and Methods: The study includes six groups according to slot sizes (0.018", 0.020" and 0.022") and materials of canine retraction (elastomeric power chain and closed coil spring). A 200 gm of retraction force was used on 0.017" X 0.025" stainless steel wire ligated to brackets by elastomeric ligatures along 13 mm available space. After immersion of the typodont in water bath with (50-55) C for 5 minutes, the rate of space closure were measured in millimeter using vernier (from the distal wings of canine bracket and the mesial wings of the second premolar), In both vertical and horizontal directions, digital images were taken by camera and the angle between canine extension bar )C B) and bite plane extension bar (BPB) was measured by protractor to determine tipping and rotation. Results: The results showed that 0.022" slot bracket groups had highest amount of rate of space closure tipping and rotation, while 0.020" slot brackets groups had higher space closure rate than 0.018" slot brackets groups. Conclusions: bracket slot 0.022" groups showed higher tipping, rotation and space closure rate, while 0.020" slot brackets groups had higher rate of space closure with same or better rotation and tipping control in comparison with 0.018" slot bracket groups.

Aims: This study compared the accuracy of linear cephalometric measurements between the compressed and non-compressed digital cephalometric images. Materials and Methods: The adult sample consisted of (60) Iraqi subjects (30 females and 30 males) with age ranged 18-25 years old, the samples satisfied the criteria of this study. Eight linear cephalometric measurements were recorded from lateral digital cephalometric radiographs, the ACDsee photo manger software used to compress and resaved the original images in 80% and 60% from their original size. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistic and ANOVA & Duncan test. Results: No significant differences were found between the accuracy of the compressed and non-compressed digital cephalometric measurements. Conclusions: The results of this study indicated that image compression up to 60% of their original size will not effect on the accuracy of routine cephalometric analysis and reduce the size of image storage and facilitates the easier and faster image transmission.

Aims: This report describes a case of eleven years old female with impacted maxillary central incisors and presence of two supernumerary teeth .The surgical exposure and orthodontic traction of bilaterally impacted central incisors after removal of impacted supernumerary teeth is presented in this report. Materials and Methods: Clinical, radiographic follow-up and treatment was conducted at the department of orthodontic and maxillofacial surgery in the college of dentistry ,mosul university .The surgical removal of supernumerary teeth done then surgical exposure and orthodontic traction done. Results: The impacted maxillary central incisors were successfully positioned and presented an acceptable gingival contour after treatment. Conclusion: Maxillary permanent central incisors were successfully positioned in the maxillary arch by surgical exposure and orthodontic traction, which showed good stability.

No abstract

Aims: To evaluate weather micro-screw implants remain stationary or move against orthodontic forces during different healing periods (immediate loading, loading after 2 weeks and 4 weeks). Materials and Methods: Thirty micro-screw implants were implanted in 6 rabbits. These rabbits divided into 3 groups (2 in each group). The first group received loading immediaty after implantation. The second and third groups received loading after 2 weeks and 4 weeks of healing period respectively. The stability of these implants was measured using periotest device before and after loading. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistic, Analysis of variance (ANOVA), Duncan Multiple analysis range test and student t-test. Result: Among the three groups, the first group having a significant greater stability of micro-screw implants immediately before and after loading and after 2 weeks of loading period. Conclusion: micro-screw implants can be loaded immediately after implantation with light orthodontic force; also these implants can be loaded after 4 weeks of healing period.