The Khur metallogenic district is located in a volcanic–plutonic belt in the central Lut Block (central eastern Iran). Mineralization occurs in Middle Eocene andesitic tuff and along four main vein systems trending northwest–southeast (Shurk, Mir‐e‐Khash, Shikasteh Sabz and Ghar‐e‐Kaftar veins). Microscopic studies reveal that the veins contain bornite, chalcocite, pyrite, tennantite together with minor sphalerite and chalcopyrite as hypogene minerals and chalcocite, digenite, covellite, valleriite, malachite, azurite, atacamite, hematite, and goethite as supergene minerals. The ore bodies are accompanied by narrow but intensely developed wall rock alterations of argillization, carbonatization and silicification. Copper content reaches 6.5, 2.4, 4.2 and 5% in Mir‐e‐Khash, Shikasteh Sabz, Ghar‐e‐Kaftar and Shurk, respectively. Microthermometric measurements of quartz‐ and calcite‐hosted fluid inclusions indicate that the mineralization might be derived from a moderately saline hydrothermal fluid at temperatures between 175–316°C. Calculated δ18O values of water in equilibrium with quartz and calcite for Khur veins suggest that the fluid might have had a magmatic source, but the 18O‐depletion was developed through mixing with meteoric water. Copper deposition in Khur veins is believed to have been largely caused by mixing, although wall rock reactions may also have occurred. The Khur veins are classified as volcanic‐subvolcanic hydrothermal‐related vein deposits.
IntroductionCalc-alkaline I-type plutonic rocks, which include subduction-related and collisional magmatic suites, are common in many different convergent tectonic settings. Genetic classification of such plutonic rocks is based on the amount of crustal, mantle, or mixed components involved during their generation (
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