One of the main requirements for probiotics is their ability to survive during passage through gastrointestinal tract and to maintain their activity at different adverse conditions. The aim of the study was to look for the strains of lactobacilli and streptococci with high adhesive properties even affected by inhibitory substances, such as nitrates (NO3 (-)). To study the adhesion properties hemagglutination reaction of bacterial cells with red blood cells of different animals and humans was used. The acid formation ability of bacteria was determined by the method of titration after 7 days of incubation in the sterile milk. These properties were investigated at different concentrations of NO3 (-). The high concentration (mostly ≥2.0 %) NO3 (-) inhibited the growth of both lactobacilli and streptococci, but compared with streptococcal cultures lactobacilli, especially Lactobacillus acidophilus Ep 317/402, have shown more stability and higher adhesive properties. In addition, the concentrations of NO3 (-) of 0.5-2.0 % decreased the acid-forming activity of the strains, but even under these conditions they coagulated milk and, in comparison to control, formed low acidity in milk. Thus, the L. acidophilus Ep 317/402 with high adhesive properties has demonstrated a higher activity of NO3 (-) transformation.
The article addresses the fundamental issues of implementation of responsibilities of the state vis-a-vis the system of local self-government. In particular, it argues that the responsibilities of the state in matters of local self-government are mainly related to ensuring the harmonious development of the communities. The article also reveals the impact of factors determining the effectiveness of this state policy on the actual results of the development of the communities.
The article provides an interpretation of the notion of “harmonious development” and, in light of that, analyzes the specific features of such tools for implementation of responsibilities of the state as financial equalization, subsidies and subventions. It also examines the mechanisms for their application as defined in the current legislation as well as reveals the factors affecting the effectiveness of those mechanisms.
On this basis, the article presents some conceptual approaches for the improvement of the existing legislative regulations of the mentioned tools and mechanisms.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.