<p>Senyawa dengan radikal bebas merupakan senyawa yang mempunyai satu atau lebih elektron tidak berpasangan yang dapat merusak sel dan jaringan jika terakumulasi dalam tubuh manusia. Antioksidan dapat berfungsi untuk menginaktivasi reaksi oksidasi dan mencegah terbentuknya radikal tetapi antioksidan sintetik dapat menyebabkan karsinogen. Oleh karena itu, antioksidan yang terkandung dalam sumber alami perlu diteliti lebih lanjut. Salah satunya adalah tanaman zodia (Evodia suaveolens). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui nilai aktivitas antioksidan dari ekstrak metanol, etil asetat, dan diklorometana dari daun tanaman zodia yang dinyatakan dengan IC 50 (inhibitory concentration) dan untuk mengetahui kadar fenolik total dari ekstrak daun zodia. Serbuk daun zodia dimaserasi menggunakan tiga pelarut, yaitu metanol, etil asetat, dan diklorometana secara terpisah. Penentuan aktivitas antioksidan dilakukan dengan uji penangkapan radikal DPPH (2,2-difenill-1-pikrilhidrazil) sedangkan penentuan kandungan fenolik total dilakukan menggunakan metode spektrofotometri. Nilai aktivitas antioksidan yang dinyatakan dengan IC 50 dari ekstrak metanol, etil asetat, dan diklorometana dari daun zodia berturut-turut adalah 170, 124, dan 409 ppm. Kadar fenolik total dari ekstrak metanol, etil asetat, dan diklorometana dari daun zodia berturut-turut adalah 0,02430; 0,01183; dan 0,00930 mg GAE/g eks.</p><p> </p><p>Antioxidant Activity and Total Phenolic Content of Zodia Leaves (Evodia suaveolens). The compounds with free radicals are compounds that have one or more unpaired electrons which can damage cells and tissues if they was accumulated in the human body. Antioxidants can act to inactivate oxidation reactions and prevent the formation of radicals but synthetic antioxidants can cause carcinogens. Therefore, antioxidants containing in natural sources need to be investigated. One of them is the zodia (Evodia suaveolens) plant. The purpose of this study was to determine the value of antioxidant activity of methanol, ethyl acetate, and dichloromethane extract from the leaves of the zodia plant in IC 50 (inhibitory concentration) and to determine the total phenolic content of zodia leaf extract. Zodia leaves powder was macerated using three solvents, namely: methanol, ethyl acetate, and dichloromethane, separately. Determination of antioxidant activity was carried out by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrilhydrazyl) radical catching test and the determination of total phenolic content was carried out using spectrophotometric methods. The antioxidant activity values expressed by IC 50 from methanol, ethyl acetate, and dichloromethane extracts from zodia leaves were 170, 124, and 409 ppm, respectively. Total phenolic concentrations of methanol, ethyl acetate, and dichloromethane extracts from zodia leaves were 0.02430, 0.01183, and 0.00930 mg GAE/g.</p>
Fosfat merupakan senyawa kimia dalam bentuk ion yang dapat menurunkan kualitas perairan dan membahayakan kehidupan makhluk hidup. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur kadar fosfat dalam air sungai Ngelom yang mengalir di Desa Ngelom Kecamatan Taman Kabupaten Sidoarjo. Penentuan kadar fosfat yang terdapat dalam air sungai dilakukan menggunakan metode spektrofotometri UV-Vis. Reagen yang digunakan dalam pengukuran fosfat adalah ammonium molibdat dan SnCl2 yang ditunjukkan dengan perubahan warna menjadi biru. Larutan standar dan sampel tersebut diukur absorbansinya pada panjang gelombang sinar tampak 650 nm. Absorbansi fosfat yang dihasilkan sebanding dengan kadar fosfat yang terdapat dalam air sungai. Penentuan kadar fosfat dalam air sungai dilaksanakan pada rentang konsentrasi linear 10 – 180 mg/L dengan nilai correlation coeffisien (r) sebesar 0,9561 dengan limit of detection (LoD) dan limit of quantification (LoQ), masing-masing sebesar 1 mg/L dan 4 mg/L. Hasil pengujian kadar fosfat dalam sampel air sungai menunjukkan bahwa kadar fosfat dalam sampel air sungai berkisar antara 2 – 4,7 mg/L. Dengan demikian, kadar fosfat dalam keseluruhan sampel air sungai tersebut masih memenuhi syarat ketentuan PP Republik Indonesia No 82 Tahun 2001 tentang Pengelolaan Kualitas Air dan Pengendalian Pencemaran Air Presiden Republik Indonesia untuk kelas 4.
Many local plants in Indonesia were used as traditional medicines, such as sunflower (Helianthus annuus) and anting-anting (Acalypha indica Linn) plants. Both of them can be used as an antimalarial, antibacterial, antifungal, analgesic, and antihyperlipidemic. This study aims to provide an overview of the secondary metabolites groups contained in sunflower leaf and anting-anting plants for the testing of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, steroids/triterpenoids, and sesquiterpenoids. This study included the extraction of sunflower leaves and anting-anting plants separately using the maceration method for 24 hours with 80% ethanol solvent. The stirring was aided by a shaker for three hours. Each extract was tested by phytochemicals with reagents. The results of phytochemical tests with reagents showed that 80% ethanol extract of sunflower leaves contained an alkaloid, tannin, steroid, and sesquiterpenoid compounds whereas anting-anting plants contained an alkaloid, flavonoid, and triterpenoid compounds.
Free radicals can trigger various diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular, arthritis, diabetes, neurological disorders, and aging. Thus, antioxidants are needed to reduce these free radicals. The peel of the purple passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. edulis Sims) has many phenolic compounds that indicate antioxidant capacity. This study aims to determine the percentage yield and total phenolic contents in the ethanol extract of purple passion fruit peel. Extraction of purple passion fruit peel using the method of maceration with ethanol solvent. Measurement of total phenolic levels in ethanol extract from purple passion fruit peel using the UV–Vis Spectrophototometry method with Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. The principle of this method is based on the reagent between gallic acid and the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent that will produce a molybdenum-tungsten complex. Furthermore, the addition of Na2CO3 solution will change the color of the solution to blue, and its absorbance can be measured at a wavelength of 765 nm. The results showed that the ethanol extract from purple passion fruit peel yielded 1.363% and total phenolic levels of 30.758 mg of gallic acid equivalent per the gram of extract. The existence of the total phenolic content proves that the ethanol extract from purple passion fruit peel has the potential to be used as an alternative source of natural antioxidants.
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