Intralogistics systems are a rapidly growing market. Today, high racks and automated storage retrieval machines are widely used to store and handle industrial goods. Conventional storage retrieval machines show a major drawback: While the containers or goods to be moved are often very lightweight, the storage retrieval machine itself may weight up to two tons which limits the energy efficiency and the motion capabilities. This limitation is a problem since the reduction of cycle times is crucial in logistics applications. Therefore, faster motions are desired. At the same time, a main focus in intralogistics development is on energy-saving solutions as part of the ongoing climate change debate. Together with the rising energy costs, this paves the way for radical new concepts which go beyond the lightweight construction of conventional storage retrieval machines. Recently, a huge research project started to realize an alternative approach for a storage retrieval machine system. This approach uses a parallel wire robot system to move the goods to be stored to the desired position. The system is extremely lightweight and therefore, fast motions are possible while the required energy is comparably low. Therefore, cycle times for the transport of the goods can be drastically reduced which is crucial in this application. The paper presented here describes both design concepts which were already presented, as well as optimized geometries which are superior in terms of workspace coverage and stiffness. First simulation results are shown and discussed with a focus on the potential of the system for precise loading and unloading of containers. Besides that, the overall mechatronic system design is introduced.
Auxiliary electrification in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) and Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) represents a promising solution in energy management of vehicle. The work presented in the following paper focuses on the design of a controller able to reduce the electrical energy consumption of electrified auxiliaries during a driving cycle. A Model Predictive Control (MPC) is proposed and applied to the air supply system of a PHEV. A comparison of energy consumption between this method and two others (Hysteresis Control and Dynamic Programming) is carried out in order to verify the performance of the MPC controller. Numerical simulations show that this technique allows to obtain a significant gain on energy consumption compared to a standard Hysteresis Control. Furthermore, the difference in term of energy consumption between MPC and Dynamic Programming is weak.
Auxiliary electrification becomes a potential solution to reduce the vehicle energy consumption. However, electrified auxiliaries operate mostly in individual way, non-cooperative in regardless of the vehicle state. In this paper, a new control strategy for electrified auxiliary system is proposed in order to improve the coordination among auxiliaries. This new control strategy is not only based on a game theoretic approach but also a model predictive control (MPC). In this approach, each electrified auxiliary is considered as a player participating in an energy consumption game, where players have incentive to cooperate and improve the global vehicle consumption. Simulation results on a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle show that this new control design provides a promising and simple approach to control the electrified auxiliary system.
The Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA), part of the Pierre Auger Observatory, is currently the largest facility to measure radio emissions from ultra-high energy extensive air showers. It comprises 153 autonomous radio-detector stations, covering an area of 17 km 2 , and measures radio waves in the frequency range from 30 to 80 MHz. An accurate description of the detector response is necessary to interpret the data collected by the stations correctly. Previously, this was achieved by measuring the analog chain in the laboratory and simulating and measuring the directional response of the antenna. In this work, we perform an absolute calibration using the continuously monitored sidereal modulation of the diffuse Galactic radio emission. The calibration is performed by comparing the average spectra recorded by the stations with a model of the full radio sky propagated through the system response, including the antenna, filters, and amplifiers. We describe the method to determine the calibration constants for each antenna and present the corresponding results. Furthermore, the behavior of the calibration constants is studied as a function of time. There is no relevant aging effect over a timescale of a decade, which shows that radio detectors could help monitor possible aging effects of other detector systems during long-term operations, stressing their importance in determining an absolute energy scale.
The ongoing AugerPrime upgrade of the Pierre Auger Observatory will yield sensitivity and precision for measuring ultra-high energy (UHE) cosmic rays that are significantly improved over the baseline design. A key part is the installation of the Radio Detector (RD), consisting of loop antennas mounted on top of each of the 1660 water-Cherenkov detectors (WCD). These antennas, with polarizations both parallel and perpendicular to Earth's magnetic field, are sensitive to inclined air showers and will also improve the sky coverage and exposure of the observatory. Of special interest is the great sensitivity to the electromagnetic component of air showers, yielding new information for the reconstruction of the primary mass, energy and arrival direction. Complementing traditional particle detectors like the WCD, the combination of both yields new opportunities to detect rare primary particles, e.g. UHE photons and neutrinos with a large identification probability.Here we present the status and future prospects of the RD. With mass production and deployment ongoing, we show air shower statistics and reconstructions of the already installed detector stations. We detail the layout and integration of the RD, demonstrating the potential of the observatory including radio measurements and RD triggering, especially to detect air showers with weak particle footprints. We show that the new trigger enables the measurement of events for which traditional particle detectors are less sensitive.
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