Background: Functional gastrointestinal diseases (FGIDs) are an important yet highly under explored area among public health issues. FGIDs’ complex etiology makes them of interest along with their prevalence in children steadily increasing, especially in the developing world. We aimed to determine the burden FGIDs pose on school-going children, and to determine its association with the dietary intake patterns in Pakistani children. Methodology: The study included 385 school-children from public and private schools in Pakistan through multistage random sampling, from March to August 2022. We used the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and Rome IV Criteria for a comprehensive exploration of the issue. Associations between the FGIDs and dietary factors were analyzed using chi-square and Fischer’s exact tests in SPSS version 26.0. Results: Females constituted 77.4% (n = 298) of all respondents, while 44.9% (n = 173) of the total reported a family history of gastrointestinal diseases. FFQ analysis showed varying consumption frequencies for different food groups. Functional abdominal pain and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) were the highest reported FGIDs with a prevalence of 38.7% (n = 149) and 24.9% (n = 96), respectively. Statistical associations were found between different FGIDs and gender, age, household income, family members, and dietary variables such as fruit, vegetable, beverage and pulse consumption. Conclusion: FGIDs were found to be associated with a number of socio-demographic and dietary factors which calls for small scale and large scale attention to the issue. Results from the current study and further studies may help develop guidelines to manage these disorders in Pakistan.
Introduction: Textile experts perform extensive close labor in small, densely packed workstations, exposing themselves to a variety of ocular and vision-related issues. Objectives: To find the frequency of asthenopic symptoms among tailors and to associate their asthenopia with their working environment profile which includes many factors such as lighting conditions, position blubs, working hours, working days, and taking breaks during work. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted over five months from October 2018 to February 2019 and it included 325 sewing professionals of garments (tailors) from the tailoring market of Rawalpindi. Study subjects were interviewed through a structured questionnaire that included demographic, working profiles, and symptoms of asthenopia. Data were analyzed by using SPSS version 21. The Chi-square test was used to check the association of dependent and independent variables. Results: A total of 325 subjects were included in this study. In the current study total of 48% of the asthenopia is present in tailors. Almost every patient presented with more than one complaint. The most frequent asthenopic symptoms were headache 54.5% followed by watering of the eyes 44.6% and blurriness of vision 44.3%. A significant association was found between asthenopia and lighting conditions with a p-value of 0.01. The working days and spectacle-wearing were also significantly associated with asthenopia. Conclusion: This study showed a relatively high frequency of asthenopia among subjects and it is strongly associated with the lighting conditions and working hours of the subjects.
Shelter homes are a mean of providing accommodation to the disadvantaged people of different age ranges. The aim of the study was to assess the risks associated with the health of adolescents living in shelter homes of Islamabad. The demographic variables which have association with these risks were also evaluated. For this purpose, a cross-sectional survey was carried out at 4 shelter homes of Islamabad. A total of 400 respondents were selected through multistage sampling. A questionnaire consisting of socio-demographic and modified HRA (Health Risk Assessment) Model was used for data collection. Data was analyzed by using SPSS version 26. Pearson Chi-square test was applied to find factors associated with risk behaviors and p value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results showed that 82% of the study population was male. Majority of the respondents lie between 13-15 years of age group. It was found that nearly 51% of the respondents were on health risk. Gender, age, education level, family structure and no. in siblings have significant association with health risk behaviors (p value<0.05). It can be concluded that adolescents living in shelter homes are prone to develop health risk behaviors with girls at more risk. Keywords: Adolescents, Health related risks, HRA model, Islamabad, Physical activity, Shelter homes.
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