The innovative corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiative of Lupin Human Welfare and Research Foundation, Bharatpur, Rajasthan, India, through fish farming in Kaman Block of Bharatpur has transformed the lives of the local population. Fish farming started with 240 families in 1980, is now benefiting 2000 people and has brought economic and social transformation in this region. Cost-benefit analysis indicated that fish farmers culturing Indian major carps (IMC) for 18 months from spawn to table size registered a benefit-cost ratio (BCR) of 2.15. The fish farmers who cultured IMC for 12 months (from fingerlings to table size ) achieved a BCR of 1.77. The results of data envelopment analysis (DEA) showed that the technical efficiency was around 0.95, indicating highly efficient farms. Polluted water, disruption in power supply and poaching were found to be major constraints faced by the farmers. Keywords: Constraint analysis, Costs and returns analysis, Data envelopment analysis, Indian major carps
Globally, mangroves are one of the most productive and threatened ecosystems situated within the intertidal zones of tropics and subtropics. Mangrove ecosystem of India is unique with the highest record of biodiversity, gifted with the mangrove genetic bliss at Bhitarkanika, and wildlife threatened species in the Sundarbans. They act as a guardians of juvenile stock and important source of livelihood for coastal communities and protect from storm surges and tsunami. Mangroves are also a great source for carbon sinks and sequester the high amount of CO 2 . Mangrove ecosystems are vulnerable to various anthropogenic actions such as industry, agriculture, solid waste dumping, aquaculture ponds, construction of buildings and infrastructures. In recent years, the conservation of mangrove reserves and habitats has assumed great significance in developing countries. This article deals with the present status of mangroves biodiversity, conservation and management strategies for restoration of these fragile ecosystems.
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