Nanomedicines anticipate drug delivery to inflamed tissues in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with greater efficacy and lesser side effects. This study investigates the anti-arthritic potentials of Hesperidin (HP) loaded in gum acacia (GA) stabilized green silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Synthesized GA-AgNPs were characterized through UV-vis spectrophotometer, zetasizer and atomic force microscope (AFM). The HP and its loaded NPs were tested for RA in Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) induced arthritis model. GA-AgNPs were found in nano-range size with negative charge, spherical shape and loaded increased HP amount. HP loaded GA-AgNPs showed minimal arthritic score exhibiting mild to moderate tissue swelling, reduced degenerative changes along with mild articular changes. Histopathological analysis revealed comparatively lesser influx of inflammatory cells and diminished granulamatous inflammation in ankle joints tissues in the presence of HP loaded GA-AgNPs. RT-PCR revealed that HP loaded GA-AgNPs significantly reduced the TLRs mRNA expression. Results validate GA stabilized green AgNPs as stable nano-cargos for targeted delivery of HP for restoring the progression of RA.
The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of Clinical Evaluation and modified Alvarado scoring system in diagnosing acute appendicitis. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at Surgical Unit III of Civil Hospital Karachi from May 2010 to October 2010. Methodology: This study consisted of eighty patients. Patients were divided in two groups. Group A for complete clinical evaluation comprising of 40 patients and Group B for modified Alvarado scoring system comprising of 40 patients. Inclusion criteria were all patients presenting with RIF pain, nausea, vomiting, fever and/or anorexia, diagnosed as having acute appendicitis preoperatively and undergoing emergency appendectomy during this period, age >12 years and both gender. Exclusion criteria included not willing for surgery, General anesthesia problem, pregnant female patients and those who did not give written consent. Results: A total of 80 patients were included in the study, placed alternatively into two groups of 40 patients each with majority being male (n = 61, 76.3%). The mean age was 22.46 years. The positive predictive value for patients of Group A was 92.5% while for Group B was 77.5%. When diagnostic accuracy was compared on the basis of Gender for the two groups, the positive predictive value for male patients of Group A and B was 90.09% and 89.28% respectively, but for females the positive predictive value of Group A and B was 100% and 50% respectively. Conclusion: We conclude that modified Alvarado score can be used safely and effectively in diagnosing acute appendicitis in adult males especially as the score increases from seven to nine.
Background and Objective:
Madecassic Acid (MA) is well known to induce neurite elongation.
However, its correlation with the expression of fast transient potassium (AKv) channels during
neuronal development has not been well studied. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate
the effects of MA on the modulation of AKv channels during neurite outgrowth.
Methods:
Neurite outgrowth was measured with morphometry software, and Kv4 currents were recorded
by using the patch clamp technique.
Results:
The ability of MA to promote neurite outgrowth is dose-dependent and was blocked by using
the mitogen/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK) inhibitor U0126. MA reduced the peak current
density and surface expression of the AKv channel Kv4.2 with or without the presence of NaN3.
The surface expression of Kv4.2 channels was also reduced after MA treatment of growing neurons.
Ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid (EGTA) and an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor blocker,
MK801 along with MA prevented the effect of MA on neurite length, indicating that calcium entry
through NMDA receptors is necessary for MA-induced neurite outgrowth.
Conclusion:
The data demonstrated that MA increased neurite outgrowth by internalizing AKv channels
in neurons. Any alterations in the precise density of ion channels can lead to deleterious consequences
on health because it changes the electrical and mechanical function of a neuron or a cell.
Modulating ion channel’s density is exciting research in order to develop novel drugs for the therapeutic
treatment of various diseases of CNS.
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