One-hundred eighty-five Bangladeshi children age 1 1/2 to 8 yr with no Ascaris lumbricoides infection or with light, moderate, or heavy infection were randomly assigned to treatment of placebo groups, with treatment given in a double-blind fashion. The groups were comparable for nutritional and socioeconomic parameters. Treatment consisted of a single dose of piperazine citrate administered twice within a 2-wk period. The cure rates for the low, moderate, and heavy A. lumbricoides infected subgroups were 53, 31, and 36%, respectively. With more severe infections, worm eradication was more difficult and the rate of reinfection after treatment was more rapid. The rate of reinfection was significantly different for the low A. lumbricoides infected treatment and placebo subgroups for 5 months after treatment, for the moderate treatment and placebo subgroups for 3 months after treatment, and for the heavy A. lumbricoides infected treatment and placebo subgroups there was a difference, although not significant, for 1 month after treatment. Anthropometric measurements were obtained for a period of 11 months. Analysis of covariance revealed no significant difference for change of weight, change of height, weight-for age, weight-for-height, height-for-age, triceps skinfold, midarm circumference, and the abdominal girth to chest circumference ratio between the treatment and placebo groups after drug administration. The results of this study do not support single dose worm therapy as a means to enhance growth.

The assumption of the pineal hormone melatonin as a therapeutic use for COVID-19 affected people seems promising. It’s intake has shown significant improvement in the patients’ conditions. Higher melatonin titres in children may provide a protective shield against this disease. The hormone melatonin works as an anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulator and strategically slows down the cytokine release which is observed in the COVID-19 disease, thereby improving the overall health of afflicted patients. The medical community is expected shortly to use remedial attributes like anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-virals, etc of melatonin in the successful prevention and cure of COVID-19 morbidity. Thus, the administration of melatonin seems auspicious in the cure and prevention of this COVID-19 fatality. Moreover, melatonin doesn’t seem to reduce the efficiency of approved vaccines against the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Melatonin increases the production of inflammatory cytokines and Th1 and enhances both humoral and cell mediated responses. Through the enhanced humoral immunity, melatonin exhibits antiviral activities by suppressing multiple inflammatory products such as IL6, IL1β, and TNFα, which are immmediately released during lung injury of severe COVID-19. Hence, the novel use of melatonin along with other antivirals as an early treatment option against COVID-19 infection is suggested. Here, we have chalked out the invasion mechanisms and appropriate implications of the latest findings concerned with melatonin against the virus SARS-CoV-2. Within the setting of a clinical intervention, the promosing compounds must go through a series of studies before their recommendation. In the clinical field, this is done in a time-ordered sequence, in line with the phase label affixed to proper protocol of trials: phase I - phase II and the final phase III . While medical recommendations can only be made on the basis of reassuring evidence, there are still three issues worth considering before implementation: representativeness, validity, and lastly generalizability.

The present study deals with the preliminary ill vivo screening of suramin and Ievamisole 1Il rei-Setaria cervi system with special reference to the histochemical changes in the adult worms caused by the drugs. Levamisole proved to be highly effective as a micro-and macro-filaricidal agent. It also appears to be interfering with the normal activity of alkaline phosphatase and' glycogen of the adult worms with no apparent effect on its protein content. The drug also causes irreversible paralysis in adult worms. Suramin, though an active pharmacological agent, proved to be completely ineffective 011 microfilariae as wcll as on adult worms of Setaria cervi. Consequently, no notable alterations in the histochemistry of the parasite following suramin treatment were observed.