The aim of the paper is to investigate effects of long term x-ray exposure on the human lymphocyte, reactive lymphocyte parameters and morphology of lymphocytes in x-ray technicians at Kirkuk hospitals. The study included 54 apparently healthy male x-ray technicians were matched with another 54 apparently healthy control to show any alteration in the lymphocytes, reactive lymphocytes and morphology. The investigated samples were divide into two groups depending on the work experience and working hours per day. The samples were tested for hematological parameters by complete blood cells count (CBC). The results showed that strong significant (P<0.0001) increasing was recorded for the reactive lymphocytes in all groups of the diagnostic technicians compared with their controls and significantly increasing of lymphocytes observed for some groups. It was concluded that chronic exposure of x-ray can vary lymphocyte and reactive lymphocyte parameters significantly and working hours per day have discernible effects on lymphocyte morphology.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the doses delivered to the critical structures located close to the target volume during head and neck radiotherapy by 3D-CRT and IMRT technics in order to select possible treatment technic proper to head and neck regions. We have used all data collected from the Treatment Planning Systems (TPS) to conduct a pilot comparison between the two modalities. The comparison included the parameters of the target coverage, dose conformity and homogeneity for the planning target volume (PTV), the maximum and mean doses for organs at risk (OARs), the time required to deliver the prescribed dose, and number of Monitor Units (MU). The results showed that the dose conformity with IMRT plans for both PTV high and low risk was significantly better than those obtained with 3D-CRT plan. The dose uniformity in the PTV low risk was better with IMRT plan; mean homogeneity Index (HI) was 37.476 but for 3D-CRT were 43.465. IMRT technic achieved better PTV coverage. IMRT tended to provide a significant better OAR avoidance than 3D-CRT. We concluded that the 3D-CRT plan could not provide adequate OAR avoidance where many OARs are close to the PTVs. The IMRT plan, even though it takes longer time and more MUs, is the optimal plan for head and neck cancer treatment that derives to a better outcome while avoiding complication in the surrounded normal tissue.
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