Background:In the present era, demand of beauty and esthetics has increased rapidly. Interdental papilla construction, especially in the esthetic zone, is one of the most challenging tasks. Interdental papilla loss might occur due to several reasons as a consequence of periodontal surgery, trauma, and others.Aim and Objective:The present study was aimed to prepare economically feasible injectable form of hyaluronic acid (HA) gel in three different concentrations – 1%, 2%, and 5% HA to evaluate its efficacy in the enhancement of deficient interdental papilla (IDP).Materials and Methods:A total of 42 sites (mean age range was 29.6–30.6 years) was categorized into three groups; 1% HA group (16 sites), 2% HA group (14 sites), and 5% HA group (12 sites). Total 35 sites were followed up out of 42 in which 2% HA group included only 7 sites. Both maxillary (17 sites) and mandibular (18 sites) sites were included in this study. HA was injected at 2 mm apical to papillary tip at weekly interval for 3 weeks. The IDP augmentation was measured using UNC-15 probe and modified stent at 1, 3, and 6 months. The photographic analysis was done using Image J software.Results:On clinical measurement, 5% of HA showed highly significant enhancement (P = 0.001) of 19.2%, 20.6% 18.2% at 1, 3, and 6 months, respectively. On photographic analysis, 5% of HA showed 41%, 42.9%, and 39.8% at 1, 3, and 6 months, respectively. However, intergroup comparison showed nonsignificant improvement.Conclusion:This study results suggest that the use of 5% of HA is effective for interdental deficiency treatment with minimal rebound at the end of 6 months. The modified stent for IDP measurement used in this study for the first time in the literature is highly recommended. The photographic analysis using image J Analyzer serves a useful and dependable tool. Further, long-term clinical studies would throw more insight in this regard.

Hyaluronan gel is an effective topical agent for treating gingivitis, along with scaling and intrasulcular application. The argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region count can be used as a histopathological indicator in cases of non-responsive gingivitis to assess the severity of gingival inflammation.

The location and nature of cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) are more than descriptive terms used simply to describe some aspects of tooth morphology; however, CEJ gains a lot of clinical significance due to various measurements dependent on it. It may be necessary to determine the location and pathological changes occurring at CEJ to make a diagnosis and treat diseases pertaining to epithelial attachment and gingival margin. However, the information related to CEJ is not discussed commonly. Hence, the present review paper provides an insight on CEJ in both primary and permanent dentition.

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