Aim To determine clinical characteristics, treatment modalities and survival of uterine carcinosarcoma (UCS). Methods Data on treatment of UCS patients in the Comprehensive Cancer Network south region in the Netherlands between 2004 and 2014 were retrospectively evaluated. Results Data of 62 patients with UCS were retrieved. Mean age at diagnosis was 69.2 years (45-95 years). Data of six patients were excluded because they did not receive any treatment. Of the 56 patients included in this study, 57.1% presented with early-stage (FIGO I-II) disease and 42.9% with late-stage (FIGO III-IV) disease. 46.9% of the patients with FIGO early-stage disease received only surgical treatment, whereas 9.4% received adjuvant chemotherapy and 43.8% received adjuvant radiotherapy. Median DFS in patients with early-stage disease was 47.0 months (17.5-72.0). Adjuvant therapy did not seem to alter prognosis (p = 0.261). 16.7% of the patients with late-stage disease received only surgical treatment, 12.5% received only chemotherapy, whereas 50% received adjuvant chemotherapy and 20.8% adjuvant radiotherapy after surgery. Median DFS in late-stage disease was 8.5 months (2.5-23.5). Adjuvant therapy did not seem to alter prognosis (p = 0.30). Conclusion UCS with both FIGO stages I-II and III-IV has a dismal prognosis. The addition of adjuvant treatment did not seem to increase survival.
Process instability often occurs in anaerobic digestion (AD) due to inhibitors, such as the high sodium content in food waste. Recent studies have reported that magnesium can reduce the sodium ion's toxicity towards methanogens. This study aimed to analyze the effect of magnesium addition to Volatile Solids Destruction (VSD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) reduction, and biogas production in AD of food waste. The experiment consisted of two phases, the control phase and the experimental phase, without and with MgSO4, respectively. The control phase results were: average COD reduction, VSD, and methane yield up to 80.9%, 87.6%, 340 mL CH4/gr VS/day, respectively. The experimental phase results were: average COD reduction, VSD, and methane yield up to 78.5%, 83.9%, 125 mL CH4/gr VS/day, respectively. Overall, the study's results showed that MgSO4 had a negative impact on VSD and methane yield. The addition of MgSO4 seemed to cause instability in the AD system, which resulted in a decrease in the VSD value and a decrease in the methane concentration.
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