Background: Klebsiella pneumoniae is an important cause of nosocomial and community acquired infections worldwide. It exhibits high antibiotic resistance due to production of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases (ESBLs) and Carbapenamases. The aim of present study was to know its resistance pattern of Klebsiella pneumoniae so as to help local physicians choose appropriate antibiotics for effective infection control. Materials and Methods: It was a prospective study carried out from January 2019 to July 2019 in the department of Microbiology of a tertiary care hospital in North India. The study comprised of a total of 194 non-repeat isolates obtained from various clinical samples received in Microbiology lab for culture & sensitivity testing. All isolates were processed to determine their antimicrobial sensitivity profile. For data analysis SPSS software, version 17.0 and MS excel 2007 were used. Results: Out of total 2155 (22.43%) positive cultures 194 (9%) isolates were that of Klebsiella pneumoniae Most of the isolates obtained were multi-drug resistant, ESBL and Carbapenamase producers. 100% isolates showed resistance to Ampicillin.Conclusion: Since the frequency of multiple drug resistance among Klebsiella pneumoniae is alarmingly high, therefore periodic monitoring of antimicrobial susceptibility profile of these agents is much needed. This will help physician in selection of appropriate chemotherapy and thus help in effective management of the infections and better patient care.
Background: Persistent post-mastectomy pain (PPMP) is common after surgery. Although multiple modalities have been used to treat this type of pain, including physical medicine, physical therapy and interventional approaches, managing PPMP may be still a challenge for breast cancer survivors. Currently, serratus plane block (SPB) as a novel regional anesthetic technique shows promising results for controlling chronic pain. Methods: We report four cases of patients with PPMP that were performed using superficial serratus plane block (SSPB) at our clinic. A retrospective review of effect of pain relief was collected through postprocedure interviews.Results: We found that two of our patients were successfully treated with SSPB for pain after treatment for breast cancer. The third patient had an intercostobrachial nerve block that produced incomplete pain relief, but had adequate pain relief with a SSPB. However, the fourth patient reported no pain relief after SSPB.Conclusion: These cases illustrate that the patients with PPMP could benefit from SSPB. Particularly, we find patients with a subjective sense of “tightness” relating to reconstructive surgeries may be a good candidate for SSPB. Further studies are warranted to evaluate this block for PPMP, as it is low risk and relatively simple to perform.
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