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Abstract:Honey is a remarkable complex natural liquid and rich in phenolic compounds, which act as natural antioxidants and are becoming increasingly popular because of their potential role in contributing to human health. The intent of the current study was to characterize the physical, chemical, biochemical and antioxidant properties of the Nigella honey sample. The physicochemical glimpse, such as moisture, pH, Total Soluble Solid (TSS), protein, ash, total carbohydrate, energy, Thermal Effect of Food (TEF), minerals and heavy metal content were measured applying various laboratory and mathematical techniques. Several biochemical and antioxidant tests were done to determine the antioxidant properties of Nigella honey sample. The mean moisture content was 14.331±0.377 %, pH content was 4.78, Total Soluble Solid (TSS) content was 73 %, protein content was 0.985 %, mean ash content was 0.188±0.071 %, total carbohydrate content was 84.496 %, energy content was 350.4721 Kcal/100 g, Thermal Effect of Food (TEF) content was 35.05 Kcal/100 g and the minerals and heavy metal content named Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe and Pb were 558 ppm, 1063.774 ppm, 75.4 ppm, 58.8471 ppm, 344.2112 ppm and 5.6 ppm respectively. The antioxidant glimpse, such as polyphenol content was 95.5± 0.0052 mg Gallic acid / 50 ml, flavonoid content was 2.66 ± 0.000577 mg catechin / 50 ml and vitamin C content was 0.69mg/100ml, were detected, indicating that Nigella honey contributes a high antioxidant potential. Thus, the study revealed that Nigella honey is a good source of antioxidants.

Children are becoming increasingly vulnerable to contagious disease around the world. It also leads to chronic health problems. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence of contagious diseases in children of 5-12 years from five government primary schools (class II to V) in Tangail City, Bangladesh using multistage sampling method. Data were collected using a carry home questionnaire and diseases screening examination was done in the school. Prevalence of common contagious diseases was calculated. A total of 84 students were screened to have contagious diseases by clinical examination, giving a prevalence rate of 8.76% from 958 participated school children. The prevalence of contagious disease among the affected children in the study was found 30.95% for scabies, while 20.24% for influenza and 7.14%, 9.52%, 15.48%, 5.95%, & 10.71% for typhoid, chicken pox, measles, pneumonia, and whooping cough, respectively. Anthropometric measurements were recorded which indicated that 48.8% of children were wellnourished and 21.4%, 17.9%, & 11.9% of children were underweight, stunted, and wasted, respectively. However, these data are extremely important to define the problem and to design proper intervention strategies.

The main purpose of the study was to reveal the hypoglycemic effect of a combination of some selected spices along with the evaluation of nutritional values. A sum of fourteen different types of spices at different percentages were taken into consideration to propel the research activities forward, viz; ginger, garlic, onion, red chili, turmeric, cumin, cinnamon, clove, coriander, fenugreek, black pepper, nigella, carom seed and cardamom. The healthy experimental wistar albino rats were made diabetic by injecting alloxan monohydrate intraperitoneally a dose of 150 mg/kg body weight. The rats of Group-D and Group-E were treated with the sample, mixed spices at a dose of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg body weight respectively with the lab diet while in case of Group-C, glibenclamide at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg body weight was introduced with the lab diet for a total period of 21 days where as for the same days span, Group-A and Group-B were continued feeding with only lab diet. Data suggest that the mixed spices of both doses applied in Group-D and Group-E had exerted effects significantly (p < 0.05) in lowering the blood glucose level. On 22 nd day, in Group-D and Group-E, the FBG level was found to be reduced by around 40.66% and 41.18% respectively compared to their respective initial days where in Group-C, the reduction was around 51.90% in comparison to its initial day. Again, in case of 2hPG level measurement, on How to cite this paper:

Background and Objectives: Caesarean section or C-section is a major obstetric life-saving intervention that has a substantial effect on maternal and neonatal health. This study sought to explore factors associated with increasing Csection rate at Tangail district in Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a structured questionnaire at different hospitals and clinics in Tangail among 200 women who underwent cesarean. For analyzing the factors of C-section, the explanatory variables were demographic and anthropometric data, pre-pregnancy history, pregnancy period and delivery information. Results: The common medical indicators for C-section were prolonged labor (21%), fetal distress (19%), previous C-section (13%), amniotic rupture (12.5%), abnormal presentation of the baby (12%), uterine rupture (8.5%), failed labor induction (7.5%) and eclampsia/hypertension (3%). The majority (49.5%) of Csection was performed because of maternal request, 34% were emergency and 16.5% were elective. Majority of the respondents showed neutral (46%) to negative (51%) mindset towards C-section. C-section decision making influences included family pressure (25%), afraid of labor pain (11.5%), mother's health risk (15%), baby's health risk (38.5%), both mother and baby's health risk (19.5%), presence of medical complications (62%), respondent's choice (23%), doctor's preference (5%), other related reasons (10%). Conclusions: It is concluded that a combination of both medical and nonmedical factors is associated with C-section delivery.