Micronutrient deficiencies, especially those related to iodine and iron, are linked to different cognitive impairments, as well as to potential long-term behavioral changes. Among the cognitive impairments caused by iron deficiency, those referring to attention span, intelligence, and sensory perception functions are mainly cited, as well as those associated with emotions and behavior, often directly related to the presence of iron deficiency anemia. In addition, iron deficiency without anemia may cause cognitive disturbances. At present, the prevalence of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia is 2%–6% among European children. Given the importance of iron deficiency relative to proper cognitive development and the alterations that can persist through adulthood as a result of this deficiency, the objective of this study was to review the current state of knowledge about this health problem. The relevance of iron deficiency and iron-deficiency anemia, the distinction between the cognitive consequences of iron deficiency and those affecting specifically cognitive development, and the debate about the utility of iron supplements are the most relevant and controversial topics. Despite there being methodological differences among studies, there is some evidence that iron supplementation improves cognitive functions. Nevertheless, this must be confirmed through adequate follow-up studies among different groups. TAJ 2021; 34: No-1: 115-122
Background: Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a one of most common renal disease in children causing massive proteinuria. In patients with NS, other proteins like thyroid hormones and hormone binding protein are also lost in urine in addition to albuminuria. So, this study was done to find out the thyroid function status of nephrotic syndrome children and to compare the thyroid function of healthy control children. Method: This cross sectional comparative study was carried out in the Department of Paediatrics, Rajshahi Medical College and Nuclear Medicine Centre, Rajshahi. Total 30 patients of both sex and age between 2-12 years diagnosed as nephrotic syndrome were included in this study and another 30 non-nephrotic syndrome apparently healthy children were taken as control. History, clinical examinations and laboratory investigations were recorded in preformed questionnaire. Thyroid function statuses also were evaluated in both patient and healthy control. After data collection, statistical analysis was done by computerized software. Results: In this study, 63.3% (n=19) nephrotic syndrome children had secondary hypothyroidism, overt hypothyroidism was 27.3% (n=7) and subclinical hypothyroidism was 6.7 % (n=2). Conclusion: In patients of childhood nephrotic syndrome different forms of thyroid dysfunctions are commonly associated due to loss of thyroid hormones and hormone binding’s protein. TAJ 2018; 31(1): 62-69
Background: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a major public health problem with a global prevalence of approximately 13% with the majority stage 3 and is a global threat to health in general and for developing countries in particular, because therapy is expensive and life-long. In India 90% patients cannot afford the cost of treatment for CKD, over 1 million people worldwide alive on dialysis or with a functioning graft. It is the need of the time to find alternate treatment to control CKD. Hence this study aims to evaluate clinically the efficacy of Kabab Chini (Piper cubeba) in CKD stage 1-3 and also to compare the effectiveness of the marketed drug NEERI KFT® scientifically. Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of Kabab Chini (Piper cubeba) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 1-3 patients. Methods: In this open-labeled randomized controlled clinical trial, 30 participants, randomly allocated to two groups, received 4 g of either sufoof (powder) of Kabab Chini in a divided dose thrice a day (Test group, n=15) or 10 mL of Syrup NEERI-KFT three times a day (Control group, n=15) for 42 days. The objective parameters were serum creatinine, blood urea (BU), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and urine routine and microscopy, whereas subjective parameters were anorexia, easy fatigability, and edema. Objective and subjective parameters were assessed at weekly follow-ups, and safety parameters were assessed at baseline and after 42 days. Results: Intragroup data suggest significant improvements in anorexia, easy fatigability, and eGFR in both groups (P=0.001), whereas the intragroup serum creatinine value was significantly reduced in the test (P=0.028) and control (P=0.256) groups. No significant improvement in edema and albumin was observed in both groups (P>0.05). The test drug was found to be tolerable with no adverse effects. Conclusion: The results of the present study revealed that Kabab Chini is effective in reducing serum creatinine, eGFR, anorexia, and easy fatigability moderately superior to Syrup NEERI-KFT® with respect to efficacy without any adverse effect and accepted alternate hypothesis.
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