Combinatorial optimization problems are problems that have a large number of discrete solutions and a cost function for evaluating those solutions in comparison to one another. With the vital need of solving the combinatorial problem, several research efforts have been concentrated on the biological entities behaviors to utilize such behaviors in population-based metaheuristic. This paper presents bee colony algorithms which is one of the sophisticated biological nature life. A brief detail of the nature of bee life has been presented with further classification of its behaviors. Furthermore, an illustration of the algorithms that have been derived from bee colony which are bee colony optimization, and artificial bee colony. Finally, a comparative analysis has been conducted between these algorithms according to the results of the traveling salesman problem solution. Where the bee colony optimization (BCO) rendered the best performance in terms of computing time and results.
Thresholding is a type of image segmentation, where the pixels change to make the image easier to analyze. In bi-level thresholding, the image in grayscale format is transformed into a binary format. The traditional methods for image thresholding may be inefficient in finding the best threshold and take longer computation time. Recently, metaheuristic swarm-based algorithms were applied for optimization in different applications to find optimal solutions with minimum computational time. The proposed work aims to optimize the fitness function obtained by the Otsu algorithm using a metaheuristic swarm-based algorithm called the bat algorithm. As a result, the optimal threshold value for bi-level images in cloud detection was obtained. Also, one of the trajectory-based algorithms called hill climbing was applied to optimize the fitness function taken from the Otsu algorithm. The HYTA dataset was used to evaluate the work, which was later confirmed through testing. The findings of experiments indicated that the developed algorithm is promising and the performance of the metaheuristic population-based algorithm is better than the trajectory-based algorithm in terms of efficiency and computational time for image thresholding.
The human-computer interaction system is a success by deriving an effective facial expression recognition function. But it remains a difficult activity to understand facial speech. This paper sets out a novel Recognition of facial expression approach to the task. The approach proposed is motivated by the performance of the Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) on the face trouble with identification. Unlike other plays, we focus on having good accuracy while requiring only a small sample data for training. The proposed approach is tested on Japanese Female Facial Expression (JAFFE). The accuracy increased compared with state-of-art results on the JAFEE dataset, where it achieved 95%.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.