A new solution of a unitary moving mirror is found to produce finite energy and emit thermal radiation despite the absence of an acceleration horizon. In the limit that the mirror approaches the speed of light, the model corresponds to a black hole formed from the collapse of a null shell. For speeds less than light, the black hole correspondence, if it exists, is that of a remnant. 4 Note that there are two types of black hole remnant in the literature: the "long-lived" or "metastable" remnant, and the "eternal" remnant [31] . The former has lifetime much longer than that of a black hole, that is, proportional to M n where n > 3. An eternal remnant, on the other hand, lives forever. Our model corresponds to an eternal red-shifted scenario.5 Einstein's gravity is topological in (1+1)-dimensions, but with a suitable coupling to matter fields, gravity need not be trivial in (1+1)-dimensions. This allows one to study black hole evaporation. In our moving mirror model, of course, there is no gravity, only an accelerating mirror, so there is no complication either.
"Horizon-T" is an innovative detector system located at Tien Shan high-altitude Science Station (TSHASS) at approximately 3340 meters above the sea level. It consists of eight detection points separated by the distance up to one kilometer that can measure time characteristics of the Extensive Air Showers (EAS) and record signal shapes with time resolution of ~10 ns. It was constructed to register EAS in the energy range above 10 16 eV coming from a wide range of zenith angles (0 o -85 o ). The system includes both the plastic scintillator particle detectors as well as the Vavilov -Cerenkov radiation detectors subsystem to observe the Cerenkov light from the EAS in the atmosphere directly. The time resolution and signal shape analysis capabilities of the detection points are used to study EAS development in the atmosphere.The development of the EAS is a process that can be studied both spatially and temporally. For the spatial part, a distributed network of detection points is required. For the time part, a signal shape must be recorded and analysed at each point with time resolution on the order of ~10 ns. In this paper, the current system description and performance level are described. Additionally, the latest data examples showing the unusual EAS examples above 10
The Horizon-T (HT) detector system and the currently under R&D HT-KZ detector system are designed for the detection of Extensive Air Showers (EAS) with energies above ∼10 16 eV (∼10 17 eV for HT-KZ). The main challenges in both detector systems are the fast time resolutions needed for studying the temporary structure of EAS, and the extremely wide dynamic range needed to study the spatial distribution of charged particles in EAS disks. In order to detect the low-density of charged particles far from the EAS axis, a large-area detector is needed. Liquid scintillator with low cost would be a possible solution for such a detector, including the recently developed safe and low-cost water-based liquid scintillators. Liquid organic scintillators give a fast and high light yield (LY) for charged particle detection. It is similar to plastic scintillator in properties but is cost effective for large volumes. With liquid scintillator, one can create detection volumes that are symmetric and yet retain high LY detection. Different wavelength shifters affect the scintillation light by changing the output spectrum into the best detection region. Results of the latest studies of the components optimization in the liquid scintillator formulae are presented.
In the field of High Energy Physics today there are several open topics left. The Higgs boson has been recently discovered, neutrino oscillations are being studied, and some hints of the dark matter have been detected as well. Another remaining mystery is the origin and the nature of the Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays.There is an active project at Nazarbayev University to construct the HorizonT-Kazakhstan detector system in collaboration with the Tien Shan high-altitude Science Station (TSHSS), a part of Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The full R&D is underway. A significant part of this process is the simulation, testing and construction of individual particle detectors due to the requirements of robustness and high linear range of such detectors combined with low cost and long-term operations with minimal maintenance.In this paper, the latest results of the simulation activities and experiment testing of different detection components as applicable to the HorizonT-Kazakhstan requirements are presented.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.