Histopathology requires the expertise of specialists to diagnose morphological features of cells and tissues. Raman imaging can provide additional biochemical information to benefit histological disease diagnosis. Using a dietary model of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in rats, we combine Raman imaging with machine learning and information theory to evaluate cellular‐level information in liver tissue samples. After increasing signal‐to‐noise ratio in the Raman images through superpixel segmentation, we extract biochemically distinct regions within liver tissues, allowing for quantification of characteristic biochemical components such as vitamin A and lipids. Armed with microscopic information about the biochemical composition of the liver tissues, we group tissues having similar composition, providing a descriptor enabling inference of tissue states, contributing valuable information to histological inspection.
An essential challenge in diagnosing states of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the early prediction of progression from nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) before the disease progresses. Histological diagnoses of NAFLD rely on the appearance of anomalous tissue morphologies, and it is difficult to segment the biomolecular environment of the tissue through a conventional histopathological approach. Here, we show that hyperspectral Raman imaging provides diagnostic information on NAFLD in rats, as spectral changes among disease states can be detected before histological characteristics emerge. Our results demonstrate that Raman imaging of NAFLD can be a useful tool for histopathologists, offering biomolecular distinctions among tissue states that cannot be observed through standard histopathological means.
In this paper, non-Newtonian viscoelastic Oldroyd-B fluid flows in two-dimensional rectangular domain is numerically investigated, where the flow between two rigid walls is driven by a pressure difference along -direction (horizontal). The numerical results of the nonlinear system of partial differential equations are obtained by decoupling the system into Navier-Stokes system and tensorial transport equation. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations are done by using the finite element method. The numerical simulations are presented in terms of the contours of velocity, pressure and extra stress tensor. The Hood-Taylor finite element method is used for the approximation of the velocity and the pressure while the discontinuous Galerkin method is used to approximate the stress tensor. All the meshes and simulations are carried out by the general finite element solver FreeFem++, which has been found as a potential tool to provide a reasonably good numerical simulations of complicated flow behavior.
The main purpose of this paper is to approximate the solution of the steady tensorial transport equations using discontinuous Galerkin finite element method implemented with the finite element solver FreeFem++. After introducing the formulations of the tensorial transport equations, the analysis of its componentwise equations, i.e., advection-reaction equations have been discussed. Discretizing the transport problem using discontinuous Galerkin finite element method, the iterative fixed-point method is used to obtain the solutions. We present the numerical simulations of two-dimensional benchmark problem and observe the instability of elasticity. All the simulations are done using the script developed in FreeFem++.
In this paper, incompressible Newtonian flow is numerically studied by approximating the solution of the steady Navier-Stokes equations in two dimensional case. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations are carried out by using the finite element method. Newton's method is applied to solve the Navier-Stokes equations where the finite element solutions of Stokes equations is considered as the initial guess to obtain the convergence of Newton's sequence. The numerical simulations are presented in terms of the contours of velocity, pressure and streamline. All the meshes and simulations are implemented on the general finite element solver FreeFem++. A two-dimensional benchmark flow was computed with posteriori estimates. It has also been established that the free access solver FreeFem++ can provide a reasonable good numerical simulations of complicated flow behavior.
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