 Background: Ectopic pregnancy is a common life threatening complication of early pregnancy refers to a gestation in which the fertilized ovum implants on any tissue other than the endometrial membrane lining the uterine cavity. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an angiogenic factor and plays a key role in the establishment of a viable pregnancy, participating in the processes of implantation and placentation, and appears to be significantly increased in early pregnancy complications.  Aim of study:To determine serum level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and evaluate their capacity to serve as a marker for diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy. Methods: A case-control study that was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Azadi Teaching Hospital/Kirkuk-Iraq, during the period of nine months from the 1 st of February 2021 until 30 th of October 2021.The statistical analysis included 90 women with early pregnancy at 6 weeks of gestation who attended obstetrical emergency unit and outpatient clinic. They were divided into three groups included 30 cases in each group. Group one diagnosed as ectopic pregnancy, group two diagnosed as arrested intrauterine pregnancy and group three as normal intrauterine pregnancy. They are diagnosed based on combination of their last menstrual period, transvaginal ultrasound, serum beta human chorionic gonadotropin (BhCG) results, and histopathologically proved for ectopic pregnancy.After verbal consent Serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was measured by a kit uses enzyme linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) for all study participants. Result: There were no statistically significant difference between the study groups in age, body mass index and parity. There was significant higher mean of vascular endothelial growth among ectopic pregnancy in comparison to arrested intrauterine pregnancy and normal intrauterine pregnancy. When cut-off concentrations ≥200 pg/ml for vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF were used and correlated it with beta human chorionic gonadotropin BhCG showed that it could distinguish intrauterine pregnancy IUP from Ectopic pregnancy with %98 sensitivity and 96.3% specificity. Conclusion: Vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF is a potential marker for Ectopic pregnancy, its concentrations in ectopic pregnancy are higher than in those with normal and arrested IUP.

 Background: Pre-eclampsia affects about 2-8% of all pregnancies. It is one of the leading causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality hyperhomocysteinemia is considered as a risk factor for endothelial dysfunction and vascular disease. The vascular changes induced by homocysteine are similar to those with pre-eclampsia. The aim of the study is to identify the relationship between maternal serum homocysteine level and the development of pre-eclampsia.  Method and patient:A case control study that was carried out in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Azadi Teaching Hospital in Kirkuk-Iraq, during the period of eight months from 1st of Feb. till 1st of October 2021. It included 80 pregnant women with singleton viable pregnancy, gestational age of > 20 weeks. They were divided into two groups: Case group included 40 pregnant women who had diagnosed as pre eclampsia (mild and severe) and control group included 40 healthy normotensive pregnant women. Patients with multiple pregnancy, history of medical disease or tacking treatment for hypertension were excluded from the study. Blood sample was taken from each woman for biochemical study, serum homocysteine level was measured using ELISA technique. Result: In this study, pregnant women with pre-eclampsia had significantly higher mean of serum homocysteine compared with controls. Homocysteine level > 8.95 μmol/l is a predictor for pre-eclampsia. Out of 40 women with pre-eclampsia, 42.5% were mild, while the remaining 57.5% were severe. Pregnant women with severe pre eclampsia had significantly higher mean of serum homocysteine compared to those with mild pre-eclampsia. The level of tested biomarkers and homocysteine was tested between the two study groups to assess their rule in pre eclampsia. Conclusions: Maternal serum homocysteine biomarker represents an early non-invasive marker for diagnosis of pre eclampsia and to name the disease according to the severity.

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Background: After February 2020, SarsnovelCovid-19 became pandemic; therefore, Iraqi people were implicated in this enigma. Rubella infection in women in Kirkuk Provence as Bad Obstetric History (BOH) was more common. Suspecting co-infection for these two viruses' infections and the changes in the women's body like Vitamin D, Calcium, Magnesium, and other biochemical changes. Aims: this current study was carried on to assess and grant that. Setting: a cross-sectional observational study on 154 women of childbearing age with approved SARS n-covid-19 by real-time PCR was enrolled as a test group. Versus 45 women negative for covid with previous BOH were taken as a control group, and their ages ranged from 15 to 50 years. Methodology: Rubella IgM and IgG antibodies using ELISA kits were used for each woman. Vitamin D3, Parathyroid hormone (PTH) ELISA kit also used. For determining serum Calcium, Magnesium, and Phosphorus, routine spectrophotometry biochemical kits were tested. Results: The rate of Rubella infection was 77.92% IgG, contributed to 77.92 % of Rubella IgM versus 72.27 %. Controversy to the following rates 35.56 % and 8.88% of IgG and IgM respectively, P<0.05.