Previous studies related to cooperative advertising mainly focus on the one-period supply chain. In the fashion and textiles (FT) supply chain, the demand of most FT products (fashion clothing, vogue handbags, fashion shoes, and so on) varies over time due to the trends of fashion. In these conditions, a decision-making framework with a multiple-period supply chain becomes more realistic. In view of this, we investigate the optimal cooperative advertising strategies in a two-period FT supply chain consisting of a manufacturer and a retailer in two different scenarios: (i) each channel member makes decisions within a cooperative program; (ii) the retailer is vertically integrated with a manufacturer. Also, we introduce a two-way subsidy contract to coordinate the supply chain.
This study aims to explore the factors affecting the national innovation capacity (NIC) of China. NIC is the capability of a nation to manufacture & commercialize the stream of innovation technology over the "long term". The NIC of a country depicts not only industrial competitiveness of a country via a direct impact on the global market share of high tech products, but also determines its future potential for economic development. National innovation capacity depends upon the strength of national common innovation infrastructure, the industrial cluster innovation environment & therefore the strength of association among these two. Since reform and opening up of China, China innovation capability has made tremendous achievements, but the quality of the main innovation output is yet needed to be improved. The factors affecting the China's national innovation capacity include great human resource advantage of China, science & technology infrastructure and a high capacity to absorb international technology spillovers. But the industry cluster innovation environment, still not provide enough support to knowledge-intensive services.
This study inspects the association between economic growth and imports from China, based on data sourced from 2000 to 2021. For this reason, a quantitative research approach is used to determine the causality between the variables and their impact on the economy. The null hypothesis of the paper implies that the import growth rate has a significant impact on the GDP growth rate in the Peoples Republic of China. This hypothesis was rejected via the Granger causality test, as the only single directional relationship was found. However, further analysis was conducted by applying a Vector Auto-Regression (VAR) model that included leading macroeconomic variables, such as the inflation rate, the bank rate, and the exchange rate between the US dollar and Chinese yuan. The impulse responses of the model, aligned with the economic theory and the results, suggested that the import growth rate is negatively related to the GDP growth rate, while the GDP growth rate has an initial positive impact on the imports for the first three quarters, which later changes to a negative impact. This time lag suggests that while the impact between the variables is important, negative outcomes could be avoided if proper economic policy is implemented. The government of China should focus on policy implications that further promote export and substitute imported goods with domestic production.
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