ObjectivesTo examine the association between depression and physical symptoms among medical students in Bahrain. Methods  The present study employed a cross-sectional design.  A total of 160 students were recruited, 41.3% were male and 58.8% female, using a convenience sampling approach. Participants completed the validated Patients Health Questionnaires (PHQs) in which they provided information about demographics, physical symptoms, and depression. Results were considered significant if p <0.05. ResultsNearly nineteen percent of the participants have moderate to severe depression, and 42.2% has moderate to severe physical symptoms.  Participants reported different physical symptoms, sleep problems, 40%; lethargy, 31.9%; and headaches, 23.8%. The results of the logistic regression showed that there was a significant association between age and gender (χ2(3) = 32.28, p < 0.001). Sleep and gastrointestinal symptoms were the most associated with depression, respectively (χ2(3)=49.77, p<0.001) and (χ2(3)=49.77, p< 0.05). ConclusionsThe association between depression and physical symptoms are considerably high among medical students in Bahrain.  Medical educators should take such symptoms seriously among medical students as it may have serious consequences on the mental health of medical students. In practice, adequate awareness initiatives should be organized and provided for medical students to help them overcome their challenges they face. Additionally, incorporating screening self-screening strategies in the medical curriculum can be beneficial for early detections of mental health problems. The Implications and limitations of the study are discussed.

Objectives: To evaluate the radiation metrics from frequently carried out vascular and interventional radiology )VIR( procedures at a tertiary care institution and compare them to international diagnostic reference levels )DRLs(. Methods: A retrospective study of the radiation metrics of VIR-procedures carried out from January 2015 to December 2019. The collected data included age, gender, height and weight, reference point air kerma )mGy(, dose area product )DAP; Gy.cm2(, and fluoroscopy time )min.( The body mass index )BMI( and peak Original Articleskin dose were calculated. The study cohort included 8942 adult patients )54.4% male, 45.6% female( with a mean age of 56.96 years and mean BMI of 26.86.Results: Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt )TIPS( creation recorded the highest mean fluoroscopy time of 69.41 min., followed by central venous recanalization 39.67min. TIPS creation had the highest mean DAP )1161.16 Gy.cm2 (, followed by trans arterial chemoembolisation )TACE( )500.63Gy.cm2(. TIPS creation was associated with the highest peak skin dose )2766.81mGy(, followed by TACE )1588.29mGy(. Compared to other studies, TIPS creation and TACE are associated with significantly higher DAP. Conclusion:Majority of VIR-procedures demonstrate no significant institutional variations in dosimetry compared to other studies. Using these studied values as reference levels may help identifying procedures that need quality control to minimize unnecessary exposures.

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