The effect of climate change on net irrigation water requirements and crop productivity was investigated. Barley has the most influence on climate change. An increase in the quantity of water required for irrigation for the common crops under climate change. Climate change has negative effects on all crops' yield under different climate change scenarios. This study aims to predict the effect of climate change on net irrigation water requirements (NIWR) and agricultural productivity from five common crops (wheat, barley, summer maize, and sorghum) in the Al-Najaf Governorate in Iraq. GFDL-ESM2M mode was used to predict the lower and upper temp and precipitation for two time periods (2020-2080) with 30 years for two periods (P1 and P2) under representative concentrations paths (RCP 2.5, RCP6, and RCP8.5). The CROPWAT model is used to determine NIWR, and the extreme learning model was used to estimate agricultural yields using previous crop yield production and weather data, supported vectors machine (SVM) is executed as a Machines Learns algorithm. Results showed NIWR increment to consider cropping owing to climate change. Barley is the crop most affected by climate change under the (RCP2.5, RCP6, and RCP8.5) scenarios, with increasing crop water requirements (NIWR) of (22%, 23%, and 24% ) for P1 and (23%, 24%, and 29%) for P2, respectively. Summer maize is the crop least affected by climate change under all climate change scenarios, with increasing crop water requirements of (1%, 2%, and 4%) for P1 and (1%, 2%, and 5% for P2. Climate change negatively affects the crop yield of all crops under the different climate change scenarios. The findings of this study could be used as a guide to developing adaptation strategies for dealing with potential changes in water availability and agricultural water productivity due to climate change.
This research discusses and analyses cutting-edge applications for water-energy-food nexus system analysis. It is axiomatic that substantial data should be acquired for a comprehensive model. The WEF nexus simulator may therefore be built to any extent by using simulated data future integral field spectroscopic (IFs and THENs) for WEF nexus interaction. The required data was then organized, and interactions (IFs and THENs) between the three subsystems were investigated. These IFs and THENs aid in our understanding of and ability to address the intricacy of the WEF. Given that the present study’s objective is to review various solutions for WEF Nexus We can now use these classifications to simplify the WEF nexus idea. In other words, the relationship between the three subsystems is demonstrated by the IFs and THENs variables. It would make sense to remove one of the following THEN variables from one subsystem if one of the IF variables in another subsystem remained. Because earlier Nexus initiatives did not provide information on how to initiate and discover interactions, it will be simple to determine interactions. This study demonstrates how a thorough nexus simulation model can access and communicate a wide range of data. The nexus model's interrelationships and interactions with other subsystems can be easily recovered thanks to this classification approach, and none of them will be missed because of ignorance of the nexus system. These IFs and THENs variables are also seen to be an excellent way to simplify the implementation of the Nexus system. The overall score for each project was then calculated by adding the weighted scores, which provided a methodical and objective way to rank the 29 irrigation and hydroelectric dam projects. This study is the first study in Iraq about water-energy and food nexus and helping to streamline decision-making at the nexus due to the size of the several sectors in the Iraqi human society Following input from NWDS stakeholders, three new factors to take into account when deciding which irrigation project options to pursue were identified: a) Fighting poverty; b) Building irrigation projects close to Iraq's borders to ensure border security. 3) Rural Population Decline or Poverty Exodus. It's important to note that the nation places the highest priority on these three factors (Key Priorities National). Irrigation projects may now be planned in a deliberate manner that takes into account the observations of the relevant authorities thanks to the adoption of these aims together with the strategic assessment criteria. It takes scientific input to create "resource indexes".
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