The complex-formation of lanthanide(III) elements with D-penicillamine have been investigated in acidic and neutral media. The macroscopic protonation constants of the ligand and the formation constants of [Ln.Pen] þ , [Ln.Pen 2 ] À , [Ln.Pen.OH] and [Ln.Pen.(OH) 2 ] À complexes were determined from pH-metric data using the BEST computer program. Elemental analyses of the solid complexes indicate formation of 1 : 1 metal : ligand species. The binding sites in the complexes with the possible role of -COO À , -NH 2 and -SH groups in the coordination have been discussed using infrared data. The complexes decompose in four steps as shown by their t.g. and d.t.a. analyses. A mechanism of decomposition is proposed which is supported by mass spectral data.
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