Background Women with diabetes mellitus or thyroid disorders are at risk of sexual dysfunction. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of female sexual dysfunction (FSD) in women with diabetes and/or thyroid disorders and the impact of disease control on the ASEX score. Methods A cross-sectional study for female patients who had a routine clinic visits was included. The Arizona Sexual Experience Scale (ASEX) was used to evaluate for FSD. Those with a total score of ≥19 or scored ≥5 on any item or ≥4 on three items were considered to have FSD. Results A total of 253 female patients with a mean age of 39.1 ± 7.3 years were included. Two-thirds of the participants have no FSD. More than half (57.7%) of the participants had a strong desire for sex, and about 20% of the participants were unsatisfied with their orgasm. Compared to those with no FSD, those with FSD had lower BMI (P = 0.375), more likely to have a master’s degree or higher (P = 0.117), diabetes (P = 0.879), hypothyroidism (P = 0.625), diabetes-related microvascular and macrovascular complications (P = 0.049), higher HbA1c, fasting glucose, and TSH (P = 0.731, P = 0.161, and P = 0.561, respectively), lower total cholesterol and LDL (P = 0.368 and P = 0.339, respectively), and exercise more regularly (P = 0.929). Conclusion FSD was highly prevalent in our study population. Those with type 1 diabetes had the highest ASEX scores. We showed non-significant negative correlations between total ASEX score and both BMI and TSH, as well as a non-significant positive correlation between total ASEX score and both HbA1c and fasting glucose value.
Background: Obesity-related morbidity continues to increase in Saudi Arabia, especially among school students, who constitute a vulnerable population since they can be highly influenced by the western culture and rapid globalization. Aim of Study: To examine the relationship between obesity and negative emotional states among male secondary school students. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study conducted among male secondary school students in Abha City, Saudi Arabia during the academic year 2019-2020. A multistage cluster sampling technique was followed by the researchers, in order to recruit participants. The standardized Arabic version of Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) was used by the researchers for determining prevalence and levels of depression, anxiety and stress symptoms among participants. Results: Three hundred and ninety eight students participated in the study. Their mean age (±SD) was 16.98±0.93 years. Overweight and obesity was present among 44.2% and 38.4% of participants respectively. The overall prevalence rates for symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress among participants were 57%, 64.6% and 39.4%, respectively. There were statistically significant associations between obesity and symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress (p<0.001 for all). Conclusions: The burden of overweight and obesity are high among the male secondary school students. Overweight and obesity are associated with symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress. Therefore, there should be emphasis on implementing interventions to raise awareness about maintaining normal body mass index among the school students and thereby reducing the risk of mental disorders. Key words: Obesity, Mental disorders, Depression, Anxiety, Stress, School students, Saudi Arabia.
Background Diabetes mellitus type II (T2D) is a chronic condition that requires significant change in the family behavior and is associated with psychosocial conflicts for both patients and their family environment. The aim of this study is to assess burnout among relatives caring for patients with T2D. Methods This cross-sectional study with random sampling was conducted on 501 caregivers of patients with T2D between April and September 2021 at Prince Mansour armed forces hospital in Taif city, Saudi Arabia. Data collection tool was a modified version of the caregiver stress self-assessment questionnaire. Data analysis was then carried out using t -test and chi-square test (SPSS v20). Results The mean patient age was 64.4+12.0 years, female predominant with longstanding T2D. Metformin was the most prescribed T2D medication. The caregivers’ mean age was 34.9+12.4 years, male predominant, and around 45% of them report low level of education and income; 63.9% of the caregivers report little to no stress. Compared with caregivers with mild/moderate stress and moderate/severe stress, caregivers with little to no stress were more likely to be younger in age (P <0.001), male (P = 0.464), single (P = 0.035), patient’s offspring (P = 0.490), caring for T2D patients with younger age (P = 0.058) and shorter T2D duration (P = 0.074), patients who were less likely to use a wheelchair (P = 0.008), patients who were less likely to be prescribed a complex insulin regimen and with better glycemic control parameters (both P >0.05), and patients with higher HDL level (P = 0.037). Conclusion There were no correlations between the caregivers’ levels of stress and the T2D patients’ HbA1c levels. There was a significant positive correlation between a caregiver’s stress score and the caregiver’s age. Future studies are needed to assess other caregivers’ parameters and their relation to metabolic control of T2D patients.
Background and Aims: Peripheral neuropathy is a common diabetic complication. It is linked to poor glycaemic control and longer duration of diabetes. We explored the association between HbA1c and neuropathy risk considering the duration of diabetes in a sample of Saudi diabetic patients. Method: We conducted a monofilament test on 343 diabetic patients referred to our specialist diabetology centre in Saudi Arabia. We utilized a multiple generalized logistic regression model with a binary outcome related to neuropathy complications. Results: We found that over four out of every five patients have peripheral neuropathy. The interaction between HbA1c and duration was significant (estimate = −0.02802, P = 0.00534), a positive association between neuropathy and both HbA1c (increased risk by 46.2%, P = 0.03222) and DM duration (increased risk by 19.6%, P = 0.04497). Conclusions: The shorter the duration of diabetes, the more positive the relationship between HbA1c and peripheral neuropathy. In patients living for over 40 years with diabetes, HbA1c was higher among those who did not have peripheral neuropathy. It could be argued that this is an artefact of survival as poorer glycaemic control will likely result in higher mortality in earlier years of the diabetes career.
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